node.JS路径解析之PATH模块使用方法详解

path模块包含一系列处理和转换文件路径的工具集，通过 require('path') 可用来访问这个模块。本文将详细介绍path模块

路径组成

path.dirname(p)

返回路径p所在的目录

 var path = require('path'); console.log(path.dirname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt')); // /foo/bar/baz/asdf console.log(path.dirname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/')); // /foo/bar/baz console.log(path.dirname('C:/test/aaa')); // C:/test

path.basename(p[, ext])

返回路径的最后一个部分，即文件名。参数ext为需要截掉的后缀内容　

 var path = require('path'); console.log(path.basename('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt')); // a.txt console.log(path.basename('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt','.txt')); // a console.log(path.basename('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/')); // asdf console.log(path.basename('C:/test/aaa')); // aaa

path.extname(p)

返回路径p的扩展名，从最后一个'.'到字符串的末尾。如果最后一个部分没有'.'，或者路径是以'.'开头，则返回空字符串

 var path = require('path'); console.log(path.extname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt')); // .txt console.log(path.extname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt.b')); // .b console.log(path.extname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.')); // . console.log(path.extname('C:/test/aaa/.')); // '' console.log(path.extname('C:/test/aaa')); // ''

分隔符

path.sep

返回对应平台下的文件分隔符，win下为'\'，*nix下为'/'

 var path = require('path'); console.log(path.sep); // win下为\，*nix下为/ console.log('foo\\bar\\baz'.split(path.sep)); // [ 'foo', 'bar', 'baz' ] console.log('foo/bar/baz'.split(path.sep)); // win下返回['foo/bar/baz']，但在*nix系统下会返回['foo','bar','baz']

path.delimiter

返回对应平台下的路径分隔符，win下为';'，*nix下为':'

 var path = require('path'); console.log(path.delimiter); //win下为“;”，*nix下为“:” console.log(path.sep); // win下为\，*nix下为/

规范化

path.normalize(p)

规范化路径，处理冗余的“..”、“.”、“/”字符。发现多个斜杠时，会替换成一个斜杠。当路径末尾包含一个斜杠时，保留。Windows系统使用反斜杠　

 var path = require('path'); console.log(path.normalize('a/b/c/../user/bin'));//a\b\user\bin console.log(path.normalize('a/b/c///../user/bin/'));//a\b\user\bin\ console.log(path.normalize('a/b/c/../../user/bin'));//a\user\bin console.log(path.normalize('a/b/c/.././///../user/bin/..'));//a\user console.log(path.normalize('a/b/c/../../user/bin/../../'));//a\ console.log(path.normalize('a/../../user/bin/../../'));//..\ console.log(path.normalize('a/../../user/bin/../../../../'));//..\..\..\ console.log(path.normalize('./a/.././user/bin/./'));//user\bin\

path.join([path1], [path2], [...])

将多个路径结合在一起，并转换为规范化路径　

 var path = require('path'); console.log(path.join('////./a', 'b////c', 'user/'));//\a\b\c\user console.log(path.join('a', '../../', 'user/'));//..\user\

绝对和相对

path.resolve([from ...], to)

从源地址 from 到目的地址 to 的绝对路径，类似在shell里执行一系列的cd命令

 path.resolve('foo/bar', '/tmp/file/', '..', 'a/../subfile')

类似于:

 cd foo/bar cd /tmp/file/ cd .. cd a/../subfile pwd

[注意]如果某个from或to参数是绝对路径（比如 'E:/abc'，或是以“/”开头的路径），则将忽略之前的from参数

 var path = require('path'); console.log(path.resolve('.', 'testFiles/..', 'trdLayer'));//D:\project\trdLayer console.log(path.resolve('..', 'testFiles', 'a.txt'));//D:\testFiles\a.txt console.log(path.resolve('D:', 'abc', 'D:/a'));//D:\a console.log(path.resolve('abc', 'ok.gif'));//D:\project\abc\ok.gif console.log(path.resolve('abc', '..', 'a/../subfile')); //D:\project\subfile

path.isAbsolute(path)

path是一个绝对路径(比如 'E:/abc')，或者是以“/”开头的路径，二者都会返回true

 var path = require('path'); console.log(path.isAbsolute('../testFiles/secLayer'));//false console.log(path.isAbsolute('./join.js'));//false console.log(path.isAbsolute('temp'));//false console.log(path.isAbsolute('/temp/../..'));//true console.log(path.isAbsolute('E:/github/nodeAPI/abc/efg'));//true console.log(path.isAbsolute('///temp123'));//true

path.relative(from, to)

获取从 from 到 to 的相对路径，可以看作 path.resolve 的相反实现

 path.resolve(from, path.relative(from, to)) == path.resolve(to) var path = require('path'); console.log(path.relative('C:\\\test', 'C:\\\impl\\bbb'));//..\impl\bbb console.log(path.relative('C:/test/aaa', 'C:/bbb'));//..\..\bbb

更多关于node.JS路径解析的方法请查看下面的相关链接

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