一文带你深入探索Golang操作mongodb的方法

这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍了Golang操作mongodb的相关知识，包括：初始化项目工程、容器方式安装mongo和调试运行和编译运行，感兴趣的小伙伴可以了解一下

 package main import ( "context" "fmt" "log" "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo" "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options" "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson" ) type Student struct { Name string Age int } func main() { // 设置客户端连接配置 clientOptions := options.Client().ApplyURI("mongodb://admin:123456@localhost:27017") // 连接到MongoDB client, err := mongo.Connect(context.TODO(), clientOptions) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } // 检查连接 err = client.Ping(context.TODO(), nil) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } fmt.Println("Connected to MongoDB!") collection := client.Database("q1mi").Collection("student") s1 := Student{"小红", 12} s2 := Student{"小兰", 10} s3 := Student{"小黄", 11} insertResult, err := collection.InsertOne(context.TODO(), s1) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } fmt.Println("Inserted a single document: ", insertResult.InsertedID) students := []interface{}{s2, s3} insertManyResult, err := collection.InsertMany(context.TODO(), students) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } fmt.Println("Inserted multiple documents: ", insertManyResult.InsertedIDs) filter := bson.D{{"name", "小兰"}} // 创建一个Student变量用来接收查询的结果 var result Student err = collection.FindOne(context.TODO(), filter).Decode(&result) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } fmt.Printf("Found a single document: %+v\n", result) }

1.创建GO项目工程

go之前对第三方包的管理不上心，其他语言比如python有pip，nodejs有npm，而go却没有一个官方的管理工具。

在go 1.11之前，开发者需要要关注GOPATH环境变量，这对于开发者来说不友好。

经过几次变更后，go于1.12版本开始正式使用go Module，go终于有了一个官方的处理方式，开发者也可以抛弃GOPATH了。

go的包管理包括：

创建一个目录做工程目录
初始化工程目录
设置包下载代理
安装依赖包

1.1初始化开发工程

➜ go mkdir mongo
➜ go cd mongo

使用mod命令初始化

go mod init 文件名

➜ go mod init mongo
go: creating new go.mod: module mongo
➜ ls -al
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 3 ljk staff 96 2 2 22:02 .
drwxr-xr-x 5 ljk staff 160 2 2 22:02 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 ljk staff 22 2 2 22:02 go.mod

初始化成功之后当前目录下会新建一个go.mod文件，用于记录安装的模块和包

➜ mongo cat go.mod
module mongo

go 1.18

设置包下载代理

go env -w GO111MODULE=on
go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.io,direct

1.2安装mongo

下载 mongodb 镜像

➜  mod docker pull mongo:latest latest: Pulling from library/mongo 70cf24b16239: Pull complete 197e79a59399: Pull complete 1a54d1916136: Pull complete 8547f0e899b2: Pull complete 315a8963db2b: Pull complete 0fce25e2f34f: Pull complete 1ce995f0f803: Pull complete e3bfd9b7202d: Pull complete 07bd59396de7: Pull complete Digest: sha256:3fe527dcddf277d4d5b278f5f03ddea5173cee84c792d12c5ac90c36ba40ba7a Status: Downloaded newer image for mongo:latest docker.io/library/mongo:latest

➜  mod docker images REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE mongo        latest    b2fa76e584f6   20 hours ago   618MB redis        5.0.4     b61ab367aee1   3 years ago    90MB

运行 mongodb 容器

➜  mod docker run -itd --name mongo -p 27017:27017 mongo --auth f3116f4e2ed1d81e7707ee42b67c01fdcd648461e1e7cd35ad0815dae2c1af5f ➜  mod ➜  mod ➜  mod docker ps CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                      NAMES f3116f4e2ed1   mongo     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   7 seconds ago   Up 6 seconds   0.0.0.0:27017->27017/tcp   mongo

➜  mod docker exec -it mongo mongosh admin Current Mongosh Log ID:	63dbcaa4fb21cc3d13dcfde2 Connecting to:		mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/admin?directConnection=true&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000&appName=mongosh+1.6.2 Using MongoDB:		6.0.4 Using Mongosh:		1.6.2 For mongosh info see: https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell/ To help improve our products, anonymous usage data is collected and sent to MongoDB periodically (https://www.mongodb.com/legal/privacy-policy). You can opt-out by running the disableTelemetry() command. admin> db.createUser({ user:'admin',pwd:'123456',roles:[ { role:'userAdminAnyDatabase', db: 'admin'},"readWriteAnyDatabase"]}); { ok: 1 } admin> db.auth('admin', '123456') { ok: 1 } admin>

1.3调试运行

go run 可以直接下载依赖的模块，然后运行模块。

➜  mongo go run mongo_dev.go go: downloading go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.11.1 go: downloading github.com/youmark/pkcs8 v0.0.0-20181117223130-1be2e3e5546d go: downloading github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 go: downloading github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.1 go: downloading github.com/klauspost/compress v1.13.6 go: downloading github.com/montanaflynn/stats v0.0.0-20171201202039-1bf9dbcd8cbe go: downloading github.com/xdg-go/scram v1.1.1 go: downloading github.com/xdg-go/stringprep v1.0.3 go: downloading golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220622213112-05595931fe9d go: downloading golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c go: downloading golang.org/x/text v0.3.7 go: downloading github.com/xdg-go/pbkdf2 v1.0.0 Connected to MongoDB! Inserted a single document:  ObjectID("63dbcaf83e1180444cc7dca1") Inserted multiple documents:  [ObjectID("63dbcaf83e1180444cc7dca2") ObjectID("63dbcaf83e1180444cc7dca3")] Found a single document: {Name:小兰 Age:10}

1.4编译运行

如果想通过编译的方法运行程序而不是调试方法，可以通过一下三步：

go mod tidy 自动更新需要的依赖文件
go mod download 根据go.mod下载模块
go build mongo_dev.go 编译go
执行go程序

➜  mongo_three go mod tidy go: finding module for package go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options go: finding module for package go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson go: finding module for package go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo go: found go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson in go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.11.1 go: found go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo in go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.11.1 go: found go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options in go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.11.1 go: downloading github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.2 go: downloading github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1 go: downloading github.com/tidwall/pretty v1.0.0 go: downloading github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0 go: downloading github.com/kr/text v0.1.0 go: downloading github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 go: downloading github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 go: downloading gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 go: downloading golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543

更新依赖文件之后，go.mod 文件中就记载了下载的模块信息，包括路径和版本信息

➜  mongo cat go.mod module mongo go 1.18 require ( github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.1 // indirect github.com/klauspost/compress v1.13.6 // indirect github.com/montanaflynn/stats v0.0.0-20171201202039-1bf9dbcd8cbe // indirect github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect github.com/xdg-go/pbkdf2 v1.0.0 // indirect github.com/xdg-go/scram v1.1.1 // indirect github.com/xdg-go/stringprep v1.0.3 // indirect github.com/youmark/pkcs8 v0.0.0-20181117223130-1be2e3e5546d // indirect go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.11.1 // indirect golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220622213112-05595931fe9d // indirect golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c // indirect golang.org/x/text v0.3.7 // indirect )

下载依赖的模块

➜  mongo go mod download

模块真正的文件放在gopath路径下的pkg路径下

~ go env . . GOPATH="/Users/ljk/Documents/go" ➜  mod pwd /Users/ljk/Documents/go/pkg/mod ➜  mod ls cache          github.com     go.mongodb.org golang.org

编译程序

➜  mongo go build mongo_dev.go ➜  mongo ls go.mod       go.sum       mongo_dev    mongo_dev.go

执行可执行文件。

➜  mongo ./mongo_dev Connected to MongoDB! Inserted a single document:  ObjectID("63e1096ce7684b84e5b3229a") Inserted multiple documents:  [ObjectID("63e1096ce7684b84e5b3229b") ObjectID("63e1096ce7684b84e5b3229c")] Found a single document: {Name:小兰 Age:10}

可以看到程序连接到mongodb，并且写入了三条数据，查询了一次。