使用R语言绘制棒棒糖图火柴杆图教程

本篇文章为大家介绍几种利用R语言绘制棒棒糖图（火柴杆图）的方法，有需要的朋友可以借鉴参考下，希望能够有所帮助，祝大家多多进步，早日升职加薪

使用原生ggplot方法

最容易也是最简单想到的方法是直接使用ggplot2包进行更新，这里需要使用ggplot本身的特性，通过图层叠加的方式，进行最终棒棒糖图的展现。（宽度极窄的柱状图配合散点图即可呈现）

1）生成数据

下面我们的展示均以此份数据为例：

 library(ggplot2) # Load data data("mtcars") dfm <- mtcars # Convert the cyl variable to a factor dfm$cyl <- as.factor(dfm$cyl) # Add the name colums dfm$name <- rownames(dfm) # Calculate the z-score of the mpg data dfm$mpg_z <- (dfm$mpg -mean(dfm$mpg))/sd(dfm$mpg) dfm$mpg_grp <- factor(ifelse(dfm$mpg_z <0, "low", "high"), levels = c("low", "high")) # Inspect the data head(dfm[, c("name", "wt", "mpg", "mpg_z", "mpg_grp", "cyl")])

2）绘制棒棒糖图

 ggplot(dfm, aes(x = name, y = mpg)) + geom_hline(yintercept = 0, color = "grey", size = 1) + # 添加y=0的辅助线 geom_point(aes(color = cyl), size = 2) +         # 将点的size设置大一些比较好看 geom_bar(aes(fill = cyl), stat = "identity", width = 0.2) + # 注意将width宽度设小 theme_bw(base_family = "Times") + theme(panel.grid.minor = element_blank(), panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),      # 消除竖条的背景线 axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90), legend.position = "None", panel.border = element_blank(), # text = element_text(family = "STHeiti"), # Mac 电脑上绘图展现中文需要此行命令 plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5)) +  # 标题居中，若无标题可不加 labs(x = "name", y = "mpg", colour = "", linetype = "", fill = "")

结果如下：

下面我们介绍一种更简便且高级的棒棒糖图绘制方法：使用ggpubr包中的ggdotchart()函数。

使用ggpubr包中的ggdotchart()

这里我们直接看官方介绍的几个例子，来理解函数的使用方式，首先载入依赖包：

 library(ggpubr)

 ggdotchart(dfm, x = "name", y = "mpg", color = "cyl",                                # Color by groups palette = c("#00AFBB", "#E7B800", "#FC4E07"), # Custom color palette sorting = "ascending",                        # Sort value in descending order add = "segments",                             # Add segments from y = 0 to dots ggtheme = theme_pubr()                        # ggplot2 theme )

 ggdotchart(dfm, x = "name", y = "mpg", color = "cyl", palette = c("#00AFBB", "#E7B800", "#FC4E07"), sorting = "asc", sort.by.groups = TRUE, add = "segments", add.params = list(color = "lightgray", size = 2), group = "cyl", dot.size = 4, ggtheme = theme_pubclean() ) + font("x.text", size = 8, vjust = 0.5)

 ggdotchart(dfm, x = "name", y = "mpg", color = "cyl",                                # Color by groups palette = c("#00AFBB", "#E7B800", "#FC4E07"), # Custom color palette sorting = "descending",                       # Sort value in descending order add = "segments",                             # Add segments from y = 0 to dots rotate = TRUE,                                # Rotate vertically group = "cyl",                                # Order by groups dot.size = 6,                                 # Large dot size label = round(dfm$mpg),                        # Add mpg values as dot labels font.label = list(color = "white", size = 9, vjust = 0.5),               # Adjust label parameters ggtheme = theme_pubr()                        # ggplot2 theme )

 ggdotchart(dfm, x = "name", y = "mpg_z", color = "cyl",                                # Color by groups palette = c("#00AFBB", "#E7B800", "#FC4E07"), # Custom color palette sorting = "descending",                       # Sort value in descending order add = "segments",                             # Add segments from y = 0 to dots add.params = list(color = "lightgray", size = 2), # Change segment color and size group = "cyl",                                # Order by groups dot.size = 6,                                 # Large dot size label = round(dfm$mpg_z,1),                        # Add mpg values as dot labels font.label = list(color = "white", size = 9, vjust = 0.5),               # Adjust label parameters ggtheme = theme_pubr()                        # ggplot2 theme ) + geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = 2, color = "lightgray")