Oracle基础多条sql执行在中间的语句出现错误时的控制方式

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多条sql执行时如果在中间的语句出现错误，后续会不会直接执行，如何进行设定，以及其他数据库诸如Mysql是如何对应的，这篇文章将会进行简单的整理和说明。

环境准备

使用Oracle的精简版创建docker方式的demo环境，详细可参看：

https://www.0133.cn/article/153533.htm

多行语句的正常执行

对上篇文章创建的两个字段的学生信息表，正常添加三条数据，详细如下：

 # sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE < desc student > select * from student; > insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn'); > insert into student values (1002, 'liumiao'); > insert into student values (1003, 'michael'); > commit; > select * from student; > EOF SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:08:35 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production SQL> Name    Null?  Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4) STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50) SQL> no rows selected SQL> 1 row created. SQL> 1 row created. SQL> 1 row created. SQL> Commit complete. SQL> STUID STUNAME ---------- -------------------------------------------------- 1001 liumiaocn 1002 liumiao 1003 michael SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production #

多行语句中间出错时的缺省动作

问题：

三行insert语句，如果中间的一行出错，缺省的状况下第三行会不会被插入进去？

我们将第二条insert语句的主键故意设定重复，然后进行确认第三条数据是否会进行插入即可。

 # sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE < > > > > > EOF SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:15:16 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production SQL> Name    Null?  Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4) STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50) SQL> 2 rows deleted. SQL> no rows selected SQL> 1 row created. SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao') * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated SQL> 1 row created. SQL> STUID STUNAME ---------- -------------------------------------------------- 1001 liumiaocn 1003 michael SQL> SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production #

结果非常清晰地表明是会继续执行的，在oracle中通过什么来对其进行控制呢？

WHENEVER SQLERROR

答案很简单，在oracle中通过WHENEVER SQLERROR来进行控制。

WHENEVER SQLERROR {EXIT [SUCCESS | FAILURE | WARNING | n | variable | :BindVariable] [COMMIT | ROLLBACK] | CONTINUE [COMMIT | ROLLBACK | NONE]}

WHENEVER SQLERROR EXIT

添加此行设定，即会在失败的时候立即推出，接下来我们进行确认：

 # sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE < > > > > > > > > > EOF SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:27:15 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production SQL> SQL> Name    Null?  Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4) STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50) SQL> 2 rows deleted. SQL> no rows selected SQL> 1 row created. SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao') * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production #

WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE

使用CONTINUE则和缺省方式下的行为一致，出错仍然继续执行

 # sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE < > > > > > > > > > EOF SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:31:54 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production SQL> SQL> Name    Null?  Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4) STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50) SQL> 1 row deleted. SQL> no rows selected SQL> 1 row created. SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao') * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated SQL> 1 row created. SQL> STUID STUNAME ---------- -------------------------------------------------- 1001 liumiaocn 1003 michael SQL> Commit complete. SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production #

Mysql中类似的机制

mysql中使用source是否提供相关的类似机制的问题中，最终引入了Oracle此项功能在mysql中引入的建议，详细请参看：