Oracle查询sql错误信息的控制和定位

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在sqlplus中执行的sql出错之后应该如何处理和对应，多行sql语句或者存储过程的信息如何进行错误定位，这篇文章将结合实例进行简单地说明。

环境准备

使用Oracle的精简版创建docker方式的demo环境，详细可参看：

https://www.0133.cn/article/153533.htm

如何进行错误定位

场景：

假如有3行insert的sql语句，中间一行出错之后，后续继续执行的情况下，如何定位到第二行？

dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace

通过使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace可以得到ERROR at line xxx:的信息，这对我们较为有用，我们接下来进行确认

 oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/abcd1234@XE < SET SERVEROUTPUT ON > desc student > delete from student; > select * from student; > insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn'); > insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao'); > insert into student values (1003, 'michael'); > select * from student; > commit; > exec dbms_output.put_line(dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace); > EOF SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 13:06:07 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production SQL> SQL> Name    Null?  Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4) STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50) SQL> 2 rows deleted. SQL> no rows selected SQL> 1 row created. SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao') * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated SQL> 1 row created. SQL> STUID STUNAME ---------- -------------------------------------------------- 1001 liumiaocn 1003 michael SQL> Commit complete. SQL> PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

可以看到，报错的时候提示了行号，但是行号是1，这是因为这种写法以一行为单位，自然是如此，如果是单个多行的存储过程，将会更加清晰。

 ERROR at line 1: ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated

所以我们将这个例子进行改造，三行insert的sql放到文件之中，然后在使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace来进行确认

 oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ cat /tmp/sqltest1.sql desc student delete from student; select * from student; insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn'); insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao'); insert into student values (1003, 'michael'); select * from student; commit; oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

然后在尝试一下是否能够确认行号，会发现仍然不能精确定位：

 oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/abcd1234@XE < SET SERVEROUTPUT ON > @/tmp/sqltest1.sql > exec dbms_output.put_line(dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace); > EOF SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 13:08:27 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production SQL> SQL> Name    Null?  Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4) STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50) 2 rows deleted. no rows selected 1 row created. insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao') * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated 1 row created. STUID STUNAME ---------- -------------------------------------------------- 1001 liumiaocn 1003 michael Commit complete. SQL> PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

因为dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace更多的场景是在于存储过程的错误定位，接下来我们使用一个简单的存储过程例子来进行确认错误行号定位, 先看一个正常的存储过程，把上面的内容稍微修改一下：

 oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ cat /tmp/addstudent.sql create or replace PROCEDURE addstudents IS student_count number; BEGIN delete from student; select count(*) into student_count from student; dbms_output.put('sql set count before :'); dbms_output.put_line(student_count); insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn'); insert into student values (1002, 'liumiao'); insert into student values (1003, 'michael'); select count(*) into student_count from student; dbms_output.put('sql set count after :'); dbms_output.put_line(student_count); END; / exec addstudents(); oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

结果执行信息如下

 oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/liumiao123 < SQL> Procedure created. sql set count before :0 sql set count after :3 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

接下来我们修改一下内容，使得第二行主键重复

 oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ cat /tmp/addstudent.sql create or replace PROCEDURE addstudents IS student_count number; BEGIN delete from student; select count(*) into student_count from student; dbms_output.put('sql set count before :'); dbms_output.put_line(student_count); insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn'); insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao'); insert into student values (1003, 'michael'); select count(*) into student_count from student; dbms_output.put('sql set count after :'); dbms_output.put_line(student_count); END; / exec addstudents(); oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

再次执行，自然会出错，但是可以看到，正确报出了所在行数，这是procedure的机制提示的信息

 oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/liumiao123 < SQL> Procedure created. sql set count before :0 BEGIN addstudents(); END; * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated ORA-06512: at "SYSTEM.ADDSTUDENTS", line 10 ORA-06512: at line 1 SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

可以看到，ORA-06512: at “SYSTEM.ADDSTUDENTS”, line 10的信息就是我们期待的信息，提示出在这个存储过程的第10行执行出现问题，而实际可以使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace结合exception给出更为清晰地方式，比如：

 oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ cat /tmp/addstudent.sql create or replace PROCEDURE addstudents IS student_count number; BEGIN delete from student; select count(*) into student_count from student; dbms_output.put('sql set count before :'); dbms_output.put_line(student_count); insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn'); insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao'); insert into student values (1003, 'michael'); select count(*) into student_count from student; dbms_output.put('sql set count after :'); dbms_output.put_line(student_count); exception when others then dbms_output.put('exception happend with line info : '); dbms_output.put_line(dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace); END; / exec addstudents(); oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

执行结果确认：

 oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/liumiao123 < SQL> Procedure created. sql set count before :0 exception happend with line info : ORA-06512: at "SYSTEM.ADDSTUDENTS", line 10 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

这样则可以看出能够比较清晰地进行错误的定位了，但是由于功能受限，所以实际使用场景仍然较为有限，但是定位存储过程的信息则可以使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace等进行确认。

小结

多行sql执行定位可以考虑拆成单行来确认，而存储过程则可结合format_error_backtrace等进行确认以提供问题出现的所在行号。

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