使用Docker安装Nginx并配置端口转发问题及解决方法

这篇文章主要介绍了使用Docker安装Nginx并配置端口转发,本文给大家介绍的非常详细,对大家的学习或工作具有一定的参考借鉴价值,需要的朋友可以参考下

使用docker安装并运行nginx命令:

 docker run --name=nginx -p 80:80 -d docker.io/nginx

使用命令:

docker exec -it nginx /bin/bash 进入容器可查看到几个重要的文件

配置文件:nginx.conf 在 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

日志文件: /var/log/nginx/access.log /var/log/nginx/error.log

使用cat命令打开nginx.conf

root@dc048fc59765:/var/log/nginx# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf user  nginx; worker_processes  1; error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn; pid        /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections  1024; } http { include       /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type  application/octet-stream; log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main; sendfile        on; #tcp_nopush     on; keepalive_timeout  65; #gzip  on; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; } root@dc048fc59765:/var/log/nginx#

发现第32行,配置了一个子配置文件,进入conf.d发现有一个default.conf文件

打开default.conf文件:

root@dc048fc59765:/etc/nginx/conf.d# cat default.conf server { listen       80; listen  [::]:80; server_name  localhost; #charset koi8-r; #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main; location / { root   /usr/share/nginx/html; index  index.html index.htm; } #error_page  404              /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html; location = /50x.html { # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 #location ~ \.php$ { #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 #    root           html; #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000; #    fastcgi_index  index.php; #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; #    include        fastcgi_params; # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one #location ~ /\.ht { #    deny  all; } root@dc048fc59765:/etc/nginx/conf.d# 

在浏览器中输入:http://192.168.11.241

 从default.conf中11行可以看出,index页面在/usr/share/nginx/html

现在,我们配置一下容器卷:

docker rm -f nginx 删除一下之前的容器

再次执行比较完整的命令:

 docker run \ --restart=always \ --name nginx \ -d -p 80:80 \ -v /data/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html \ -v /data/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \ -v /data/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d \ -v /data/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx \ nginx

这里有几个注意事项:

(1)第一个“-v”,是项目位置,把html代码放到挂载到的目录下即可;

(2)第二个“-v”,是挂载的主配置文件"nginx.conf",注意"nginx.conf"文件内有一行"include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;",

         这个include指向了子配置文件的路径,此处注意include后所跟的路径一定不要出错。

(3)第三个“-v”,把docker内子配置文件的路径也挂载了出来,注意要与(2)中include指向路径一致

(4)重点强调一下,nginx.conf是挂载了一个文件(docker是不推荐这样用的),conf.d挂载的是一个目录

我们先启动一下,可以发现是有问题的,因为配置文件还没有。

[root@zuul-server data]# docker run  --name nginx  -d -p 80:80  -v /data/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html  -v /data/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf  -v /data/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d  -v /data/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx  nginx

c8d49810b4afd4b6661beb942f0f19a67cf64f9798af9d2eb8a2aa242b2af434

docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:349: starting container process caused "process_linux.go:449: container init caused \"rootfs_linux.go:58: mounting \\\"/data/nginx/nginx.conf\\\" to rootfs \\\"/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ee154ee69264707a542409b514cfff950b31cefa4dcd4e66c3635d0aa94f5058/merged\\\" at \\\"/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ee154ee69264707a542409b514cfff950b31cefa4dcd4e66c3635d0aa94f5058/merged/etc/nginx/nginx.conf\\\" caused \\\"not a directory\\\"\"": unknown: Are you trying to mount a directory onto a file (or vice-versa)? Check if the specified host path exists and is the expected type.

很明显,报错了,容器也没有启动成功,怎么解决了?

解决办法:

1 进入/data/nginx目录,

2 删除nginx.conf文件夹  rm  -rf nginx.conf

3 新建nginx.conf文件    touch nginx.conf

4 然后把之前cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf的内容放入到nginx.conf

5 同理,cd /data/nginx/conf.d ,touch default.conf,把之前 cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf中的内容放入到新建的default.conf中。

最后 docker restart nginx 搞定。

 需要配置一个端口转发功能,业务需求是:以http://192.168.11/241/mp开头的请求需要重定向到http://192.168.11.241:20001/mp上,

刚开始把 proxy_pass 对应的路径写成了 http://127.0.0.1:20001/;导致报404错误,原因很简单,nginx运作在容器里面,肯定找不到http://127.0.0.1:20001/,浪费了我一点点时间,一时没转过弯来。

 server { listen  80; server_name localhost; #charset koi8-r; #access_log /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log main; location / { #root /usr/nginx/dacheng-wechat-web; #root /usr/nginx/html; root /usr/share/nginx/html; index index.html index.htm; autoindex on; # try_files $uri /index/index/page.html; # try_files $uri /index/map/page.html; } location /mp { proxy_pass http://192.168.11.241:20001/; } #error_page 404    /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /usr/share/nginx/html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ \.php$ { # root   html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include  fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} }

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