python爬取新闻门户网站的示例

 import pengpai_news_spider pengpai_news_spider.main()

 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # 文件备注信息       如果遇到打不开的情况，可以先在浏览器打开一下百度搜索引擎 import requests from datetime import datetime, timedelta from lxml import etree import csv import os from time import sleep from random import randint def parseTime(unformatedTime): if '分钟' in unformatedTime: minute = unformatedTime[:unformatedTime.find('分钟')] minute = timedelta(minutes=int(minute)) return (datetime.now() - minute).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M') elif '小时' in unformatedTime: hour = unformatedTime[:unformatedTime.find('小时')] hour = timedelta(hours=int(hour)) return (datetime.now() - hour).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M') else: return unformatedTime def dealHtml(html): results = html.xpath('//div[@class="result-op c-container xpath-log new-pmd"]') saveData = [] for result in results: title = result.xpath('.//h3/a')[0] title = title.xpath('string(.)').strip() summary = result.xpath('.//span[@class="c-font-normal c-color-text"]')[0] summary = summary.xpath('string(.)').strip() # ./ 是直接下级，.// 是直接/间接下级 infos = result.xpath('.//div[@class="news-source"]')[0] source, dateTime = infos.xpath(".//span[last()-1]/text()")[0], \ infos.xpath(".//span[last()]/text()")[0] dateTime = parseTime(dateTime) print('标题', title) print('来源', source) print('时间', dateTime) print('概要', summary) print('\n') saveData.append({ 'title': title, 'source': source, 'time': dateTime, 'summary': summary }) with open(fileName, 'a+', encoding='utf-8-sig', newline='') as f: writer = csv.writer(f) for row in saveData: writer.writerow([row['title'], row['source'], row['time'], row['summary']]) headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.142 Safari/537.36', 'Referer': 'https://www.baidu.com/s?rtt=1&bsst=1&cl=2&tn=news&word=%B0%D9%B6%C8%D0%C2%CE%C5&fr=zhidao' } url = 'https://www.baidu.com/s' params = { 'ie': 'utf-8', 'medium': 0, # rtt=4 按时间排序 rtt=1 按焦点排序 'rtt': 1, 'bsst': 1, 'rsv_dl': 'news_t_sk', 'cl': 2, 'tn': 'news', 'rsv_bp': 1, 'oq': '', 'rsv_btype': 't', 'f': 8, } def doSpider(keyword, sortBy = 'focus'): ''' :param keyword: 搜索关键词 :param sortBy: 排序规则，可选：focus(按焦点排序），time(按时间排序），默认 focus :return: ''' global fileName fileName = '{}.csv'.format(keyword) if not os.path.exists(fileName): with open(fileName, 'w+', encoding='utf-8-sig', newline='') as f: writer = csv.writer(f) writer.writerow(['title', 'source', 'time', 'summary']) params['wd'] = keyword if sortBy == 'time': params['rtt'] = 4 response = requests.get(url=url, params=params, headers=headers) html = etree.HTML(response.text) dealHtml(html) total = html.xpath('//div[@id="header_top_bar"]/span/text()')[0] total = total.replace(',', '') total = int(total[7:-1]) pageNum = total // 10 for page in range(1, pageNum): print('第 {} 页\n\n'.format(page)) headers['Referer'] = response.url params['pn'] = page * 10 response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers, params=params) html = etree.HTML(response.text) dealHtml(html) sleep(randint(2, 4)) ... if __name__ == "__main__": doSpider(keyword = '马保国', sortBy='focus')