Python 基于xml.etree.ElementTree实现XML对比示例详解

#!/usr/bin/env python 3.4.0 #-*- encoding:utf-8 -*- __author__ = 'shouke' import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET def compare_xml_node_attributes(xml_node1, xml_node2): result = [] node1_attributes_dict = xml_node1.attrib node2_attributes_dict = xml_node2.attrib for attrib1, value in node1_attributes_dict.items(): value2 =  node2_attributes_dict.get(attrib1) if value == value2: node2_attributes_dict.pop(attrib1) else: if value2: attrib2 = attrib1 node2_attributes_dict.pop(attrib2) else: attrib2 = '不存在' result.append('结点1属性：{attrib1} 值：{value1}，结点2属性：{attrib1} 值：{value2}'.format(attrib1=attrib1 or '不存在', value1=value or '不存在', attrib2=attrib2, value2=value2 or '不存在')) for attrib2, value2 in node2_attributes_dict.items(): result.append('结点1属性：{attrib1} 值：{value1}，结点2属性：{attrib1} 值：{value2}'.format(attrib1='不存在', value1='不存在', attrib2=attrib2, value2=value2)) return result def compare_xml_node_children(xml_node1, xml_node2, node1_xpath, node2_xpath): def get_node_children(xml_node, node_xpath): result = {} for child in list(xml_node): if child.tag not in result: result[child.tag] = [{'node':child, 'xpath': '%s/%s[%s]' % (node_xpath, child.tag, 1)}] else: result[child.tag].append({'node':child, 'xpath': '%s/%s[%s]' % (node_xpath, child.tag, len(result[child.tag])+1)}) return result result = [] children_of_node1_dict = get_node_children(xml_node1, node1_xpath) children_of_node2_dict = get_node_children(xml_node2, node2_xpath) temp_list1 = [] temp_list2 = [] for child_tag, child_node_list in children_of_node1_dict.items(): second_child_node_list = children_of_node2_dict.get(child_tag, []) if not second_child_node_list: # 获取xml1中比xml2中多出的子结点 for i in range(0, len(child_node_list)): temp_list1.append('%s/%s[%s]' % (node1_xpath, child_node_list[i]['node'].tag, i+1)) continue for first_child, second_child in zip(child_node_list, second_child_node_list): result.extend(compare_xml_nodes(first_child['node'], second_child['node'], first_child['xpath'], second_child['xpath'])) # 获取xml2中对应结点比xml1中对应结点多出的同名子结点 for i in range(len(child_node_list), len(second_child_node_list)): temp_list2.append('%s/%s[%s]' % (node2_xpath, second_child_node_list[i]['node'].tag, i+1)) children_of_node2_dict.pop(child_tag) if temp_list1: result.append('子结点不一样：xml1结点(xpath：{xpath1})比xml2结点(xpath：{xpath2})多了以下子结点：\n{differences}'.format (xpath1=node1_xpath, xpath2=node2_xpath, differences='\n'.join(temp_list1))) # 获取xml2比xml1中多出的子结点 for child_tag, child_node_list in children_of_node2_dict.items(): for i in range(0, len(child_node_list)): temp_list2.append('%s/%s[%s]' % (node1_xpath, child_node_list[i]['node'].tag, i+1)) if temp_list2: result.append('子结点不一样：xml1结点(xpath：{xpath1})比xml2结点(xpath：{xpath2})少了以下子结点：\n{differences}'.format (xpath1=node1_xpath, xpath2=node2_xpath, differences='\n'.join(temp_list2))) return result def compare_xml_nodes(xml_node1, xml_node2, node1_xpath='', node2_xpath=''): result = [] # 比较标签 if xml_node1.tag !=  xml_node2.tag: result.append('标签不一样：xml1结点(xpath：{xpath1})：{tag1}，xml2结点(xpath：{xpath2})：{tag2}'.format (xpath1=node1_xpath, tag1=xml_node1.tag, xpath2=node2_xpath, tag2=xml_node2.tag)) # 比较文本 if xml_node1.text !=  xml_node2.text: result.append('文本不一样：xml1结点(xpath：{xpath1})：{text1}，xml2结点(xpath：{xpath2})：{text2}'.format (xpath1=node1_xpath, tag1=xml_node1.text or '', xpath2=node2_xpath, tag2=xml_node2.text or '')) # 比较属性 res = compare_xml_node_attributes(xml_node1, xml_node2) if res: result.append('属性不一样：xml1结点(xpath：{xpath1})，xml2结点(xpath：{xpath2})：\n{differences}'.format (xpath1=node1_xpath, xpath2=node2_xpath, differences='\n'.join(res))) # 比较子结点 res = compare_xml_node_children(xml_node1, xml_node2, node1_xpath, node2_xpath) if res: result.extend(res) return result def compare_xml_strs(xml1_str, xml2_str, mode=3): ''' @param: mode 比较模式，预留，暂时没用。目前默认 xml 子元素如果为列表，则列表有序列表，按序比较 ''' root1 = ET.fromstring(xml1_str.strip()) root2 = ET.fromstring(xml2_str.strip()) return compare_xml_nodes(root1, root2, '/%s' % root1.tag, '/%s' % root2.tag) 

xml_str1 = '''    12008141100 4201159900 68201113600 ''' xml_str2 = '''    12008141100 4201159900 68201113600 ''' xml_str3 = '''    1unknowsz 2unknown 3unknownother addr ''' xml_str4 = '''    unknowsz unknownother addr ''' if __name__ == '__main__': res_list = compare_xml_strs(xml_str1, xml_str2) if res_list: print('xml1和xml2不一样:\n%s' % '\n'.join(res_list)) else: print('xml1和xml2一样') res_list = compare_xml_strs(xml_str3, xml_str4) if res_list: print('xml3和xml4不一样:\n%s' % '\n'.join(res_list)) else: print('xml3和xml4一样')