Python实现遍历读取文件或文件夹

path = r'D:\data' items = os.listdir(path)  # ==> ['1.bmp', '2.bmp', 'a', 'b'] 

path = r'D:\data' # part 1 for items in os.walk(path): print(items) # part 2 for main_dir, sub_dir_list, sub_file_list in os.walk(path): print(main_dir, sub_dir_list, sub_file_list) 

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import os def file_ext(filename, level=1): """ return extension of filename Parameters: ----------- filename: str name of file, path can be included level: int level of extension. for example, if filename is 'sky.png-600.bak', the 1st level extension is 'bak', and the 2nd level extension is 'png' Returns: -------- extension of filename """ return filename.split('.')[-level] def _contain_file(path, extensions): """ check whether path contains any file whose extension is in extensions list Parameters: ----------- path: str path to be checked extensions: str or list/tuple of str extension or extensions list Returns: -------- return True if contains, else return False """ assert os.path.exists(path), 'path must exist' assert os.path.isdir(path), 'path must be dir' if isinstance(extensions, str): extensions = [extensions] for file in os.listdir(path): if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(path, file)): if (extensions is None) or (file_ext(file) in extensions): return True return False def _process_extensions(extensions=None): """ preprocess and check extensions, if extensions is str, convert it to list. Parameters: ----------- extensions: str or list/tuple of str file extensions Returns: -------- extensions: list/tuple of str file extensions """ if extensions is not None: if isinstance(extensions, str): extensions = [extensions] assert isinstance(extensions, (list, tuple)), \ 'extensions must be str or list/tuple of str' for ext in extensions: assert isinstance(ext, str), 'extension must be str' return extensions def get_files(path, extensions=None, is_recursive=True): """ read files in path. if extensions is None, read all files, if extensions are specified, only read the files who have one of the extensions. if is_recursive is True, recursively read all files, if is_recursive is False, only read files in current path. Parameters: ----------- path: str path to be read extensions: str or list/tuple of str file extensions is_recursive: bool whether read files recursively. read recursively is True, while just read files in current path if False Returns: -------- files: the obtained files in path """ extensions = _process_extensions(extensions) files = [] # get files in current path if not is_recursive: for name in os.listdir(path): fullname = os.path.join(path, name) if os.path.isfile(fullname): if (extensions is None) or (file_ext(fullname) in extensions): files.append(fullname) return files # get files recursively for main_dir, _, sub_file_list in os.walk(path): for filename in sub_file_list: fullname = os.path.join(main_dir, filename) if (extensions is None) or (file_ext(fullname) in extensions): files.append(fullname) return files def get_folders(path, extensions=None, is_recursive=True): """ read folders in path. if extensions is None, read all folders, if extensions are specified, only read the folders who contain any files that have one of the extensions. if is_recursive is True, recursively read all folders, if is_recursive is False, only read folders in current path. Parameters: ----------- path: str path to be read extensions: str or list/tuple of str file extensions is_recursive: bool whether read folders recursively. read recursively is True, while just read folders in current path if False Returns: -------- folders: the obtained folders in path """ extensions = _process_extensions(extensions) folders = [] # get folders in current path if not is_recursive: for name in os.listdir(path): fullname = os.path.join(path, name) if os.path.isdir(fullname): if (extensions is None) or \ (_contain_file(fullname, extensions)): folders.append(fullname) return folders # get folders recursively for main_dir, _, _ in os.walk(path): if (extensions is None) or (_contain_file(main_dir, extensions)): folders.append(main_dir) return folders if __name__ == '__main__': path = r'.\data' files = get_files(path) print(files)  # ==> ['D:\\data\\1.bmp', 'D:\\data\\2.bmp', 'D:\\data\\a\\a1.bmp', 'D:\\data\\b\\b1.bmp'] folders = get_folders(path) print(folders)  # ==> ['D:\\data', 'D:\\data\\a', 'D:\\data\\b']