详解Python利用configparser对配置文件进行读写操作

 ConfigParser -- responsible for parsing a list of configuration files, and managing the parsed database. methods: __init__(defaults=None, dict_type=_default_dict, allow_no_value=False, delimiters=('=', ':'), comment_prefixes=('#', ';'), inline_comment_prefixes=None, strict=True, empty_lines_in_values=True, default_section='DEFAULT', interpolation=, converters=): Create the parser. When `defaults' is given, it is initialized into the dictionary or intrinsic defaults. The keys must be strings, the values must be appropriate for %()s string interpolation. When `dict_type' is given, it will be used to create the dictionary objects for the list of sections, for the options within a section, and for the default values. When `delimiters' is given, it will be used as the set of substrings that divide keys from values. When `comment_prefixes' is given, it will be used as the set of substrings that prefix comments in empty lines. Comments can be indented. When `inline_comment_prefixes' is given, it will be used as the set of substrings that prefix comments in non-empty lines. When `strict` is True, the parser won't allow for any section or option duplicates while reading from a single source (file, string or dictionary). Default is True. When `empty_lines_in_values' is False (default: True), each empty line marks the end of an option. Otherwise, internal empty lines of a multiline option are kept as part of the value. When `allow_no_value' is True (default: False), options without values are accepted; the value presented for these is None. When `default_section' is given, the name of the special section is named accordingly. By default it is called ``"DEFAULT"`` but this can be customized to point to any other valid section name. Its current value can be retrieved using the ``parser_instance.default_section`` attribute and may be modified at runtime. When `interpolation` is given, it should be an Interpolation subclass instance. It will be used as the handler for option value pre-processing when using getters. RawConfigParser objects don't do any sort of interpolation, whereas ConfigParser uses an instance of BasicInterpolation. The library also provides a ``zc.buildbot`` inspired ExtendedInterpolation implementation. When `converters` is given, it should be a dictionary where each key represents the name of a type converter and each value is a callable implementing the conversion from string to the desired datatype. Every converter gets its corresponding get*() method on the parser object and section proxies. sections() Return all the configuration section names, sans DEFAULT. has_section(section) Return whether the given section exists. has_option(section, option) Return whether the given option exists in the given section. options(section) Return list of configuration options for the named section. read(filenames, encoding=None) Read and parse the iterable of named configuration files, given by name. A single filename is also allowed. Non-existing files are ignored. Return list of successfully read files. read_file(f, filename=None) Read and parse one configuration file, given as a file object. The filename defaults to f.name; it is only used in error messages (if f has no `name' attribute, the string `' is used). read_string(string) Read configuration from a given string. read_dict(dictionary) Read configuration from a dictionary. Keys are section names, values are dictionaries with keys and values that should be present in the section. If the used dictionary type preserves order, sections and their keys will be added in order. Values are automatically converted to strings. get(section, option, raw=False, vars=None, fallback=_UNSET) Return a string value for the named option. All % interpolations are expanded in the return values, based on the defaults passed into the constructor and the DEFAULT section. Additional substitutions may be provided using the `vars' argument, which must be a dictionary whose contents override any pre-existing defaults. If `option' is a key in `vars', the value from `vars' is used. getint(section, options, raw=False, vars=None, fallback=_UNSET) Like get(), but convert value to an integer. getfloat(section, options, raw=False, vars=None, fallback=_UNSET) Like get(), but convert value to a float. getboolean(section, options, raw=False, vars=None, fallback=_UNSET) Like get(), but convert value to a boolean (currently case insensitively defined as 0, false, no, off for False, and 1, true, yes, on for True). Returns False or True. items(section=_UNSET, raw=False, vars=None) If section is given, return a list of tuples with (name, value) for each option in the section. Otherwise, return a list of tuples with (section_name, section_proxy) for each section, including DEFAULTSECT. remove_section(section) Remove the given file section and all its options. remove_option(section, option) Remove the given option from the given section. set(section, option, value) Set the given option. write(fp, space_around_delimiters=True) Write the configuration state in .ini format. If `space_around_delimiters' is True (the default), delimiters between keys and values are surrounded by spaces.

 [Default] serveraliveinterval = 45 compression = yes compressionlevel = 9 forwardx11 = yes values like this: 1000000 or this: 3.14159265359 [No Values] key_without_value empty string value here = [Color] isset = true version = 1.1.0 orange = 150,100,100 lightgreen = 0,220,0

 >>> int(topsecret['Port']) 50022 >>> float(topsecret['CompressionLevel']) 9.0

 import configparser file = 'config.ini' # 创建配置文件对象 cfg = configparser.ConfigParser(comment_prefixes='#') # 读取配置文件 cfg.read(file, encoding='utf-8')

 import configparser file = 'config.ini' cfg = configparser.ConfigParser(comment_prefixes='#') cfg.read(file, encoding='utf-8') # 获取所有section sections = cfg.sections() # 显示读取的section结果 print(sections)

 import configparser file = 'config.ini' cfg = configparser.ConfigParser(comment_prefixes='#') cfg.read(file, encoding='utf-8') if cfg.has_section("Default"): # 有没有"Default" section print("存在Defaul section") else: print("不存在Defaul section")	

 import configparser file = 'config.ini' cfg = configparser.ConfigParser(comment_prefixes='#') cfg.read(file, encoding='utf-8') # 检测Default section下有没有"CompressionLevel" option if cfg.cfg.has_option('Default', 'CompressionLevel'): print("存在CompressionLevel option") else: print("不存在CompressionLevel option")	 

 import configparser file = 'config.ini' cfg = configparser.ConfigParser(comment_prefixes='#') cfg.read(file, encoding='utf-8') if not cfg.has_section("Color"): # 不存在Color section就创建 cfg.add_section('Color') # 设置sectin下的option的value，如果section不存在就会报错 cfg.set('Color', 'isset', 'true') cfg.set('Color', 'version', '1.1.0') cfg.set('Color', 'orange', '150,100,100') # 把所作的修改写入配置文件 with open(file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as configfile: cfg.write(configfile)

 import configparser file = 'config.ini' cfg = configparser.ConfigParser(comment_prefixes='#') cfg.read(file, encoding='utf-8') cfg.remove_option('Default', 'CompressionLevel' # 把所作的修改写入配置文件 with open(file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as configfile: cfg.write(configfile)

 import configparser file = 'config.ini' cfg = configparser.ConfigParser(comment_prefixes='#') cfg.read(file, encoding='utf-8') cfg.remove_section('Default') # 把所作的修改写入配置文件 with open(file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as configfile: cfg.write(configfile)

 import configparser file = 'config.ini' # 创建配置文件对象 cfg = configparser.ConfigParser(comment_prefixes='#') # 读取配置文件 cfg.read(file, encoding='utf-8')``` # 实例 ## 创建一个配置文件 下面的demo介绍了如何检测添加section和设置value ```python #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- encoding: utf-8 -*- ''' @File : file.py @Desc : 使用configparser读写配置文件demo @Author : Kearney @Contact : 191615342@qq.com @Version : 0.0.0 @License : GPL-3.0 @Time : 2020/10/20 10:23:52 ''' import configparser file = 'config.ini' # 创建配置文件对象 cfg = configparser.ConfigParser(comment_prefixes='#') # 读取配置文件 cfg.read(file, encoding='utf-8') if not cfg.has_section("Default"): # 有没有"Default" section cfg.add_section("Default") # 没有就创建 # 设置"Default" section下的option的value # 如果这个section不存在就会报错，所以上面要检测和创建 cfg.set('Default', 'ServerAliveInterval', '45') cfg.set('Default', 'Compression', 'yes') cfg.set('Default', 'CompressionLevel', '9') cfg.set('Default', 'ForwardX11', 'yes') if not cfg.has_section("Color"): # 不存在Color就创建 cfg.add_section('Color') # 设置sectin下的option的value，如果section不存在就会报错 cfg.set('Color', 'isset', 'true') cfg.set('Color', 'version', '1.1.0') cfg.set('Color', 'orange', '150,100,100') cfg.set('Color', 'lightgreen', '0,220,0') if not cfg.has_section("User"): cfg.add_section('User') cfg.set('User', 'iscrypted', 'false') cfg.set('User', 'Kearney', '191615342@qq.com') cfg.set('User', 'Tony', 'backmountain@gmail.com') # 把所作的修改写入配置文件，并不是完全覆盖文件 with open(file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as configfile: cfg.write(configfile)

 [Default] serveraliveinterval = 45 compression = yes compressionlevel = 9 forwardx11 = yes [Color] isset = true version = 1.1.0 orange = 150,100,100 lightgreen = 0,220,0 [User] iscrypted = false kearney = 191615342@qq.com tony = backmountain@gmail.com