python调用bash shell脚本方法

这篇文章主要给大家分享了额python调用bash shell脚本方法,os.system(command)、os.popen(command)等方法，具有一定的参考价值，需要的小伙伴可以参考一下，希望对你有所帮助

1. os.system()

help(os.system)

1.1. demo

os.system(command):该方法在调用完shell脚本后，返回一个16位的二进制数，
低位为杀死所调用脚本的信号号码，高位为脚本的退出状态码，
即脚本中exit 1的代码执行后，os.system函数返回值的高位数则是1，如果低位数是0的情况下，
则函数的返回值是0x0100,换算为十进制得到256。
要获得os.system的正确返回值，可以使用位移运算（将返回值右移8位）还原返回值：

 >>> import os >>> os.system("./test.sh") hello python! hello world! 256 >>> n>>8 1

2. os.popen()

help(os.system)

2.1 demo

os.popen(command):这种调用方式是通过管道的方式来实现，函数返回一个file对象，
里面的内容是脚本输出的内容（可简单理解为echo输出的内容），使用os.popen调用test.sh的情况

 >> import os >>> os.popen("./test.sh")  >>> f=os.popen("./test.sh") >>> f  >>> f.readlines() ['hello python!\n', 'hello world!\n']

3. commands模块

（1）commands.getstatusoutput(cmd)，其以字符串的形式返回的是输出结果和状态码，即（status,output）。
（2）commands.getoutput(cmd)，返回cmd的输出结果。
（3）commands.getstatus(file)，返回ls -l file的执行结果字符串，调用了getoutput，不建议使用此方法

4. subprocess

subprocess模块，允许创建很多子进程，创建的时候能指定子进程和子进程的输入、输出、错误输出管道，执行后能获取输出结果和执行状态。

（1）subprocess.run()：python3.5中新增的函数，执行指定的命令，等待命令执行完成后返回一个包含执行结果的CompletedProcess类的实例。
（2）subprocess.call()：执行指定的命令，返回命令执行状态，功能类似os.system（cmd）。
（3）subprocess.check_call()：python2.5中新增的函数, 执行指定的命令, 如果执行成功则返回状态码，否则抛出异常。

说明：subprocess.run(args, *, stdin=None, input=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, shell=False, timeout=None, check=False, universal_newlines=False)
subprocess.call(args, *, stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, shell=False, timeout=None)
subprocess.check_call(args, *, stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, shell=False, timeout=None)

args：表示shell指令，若以字符串形式给出shell指令，如"ls -l “则需要使shell = Ture。否则默认已数组形式表示shell变量，如"ls”,"-l"。
当使用比较复杂的shell语句时，可以先使用shlex模块的shlex.split()方法来帮助格式化命令，然后在传递给run()方法或Popen。

4.1 demo

 Stubs for subprocess Based on http://docs.python.org/2/library/subprocess.html and Python 3 stub from typing import Sequence, Any, Mapping, Callable, Tuple, IO, Union, Optional, List, Text _FILE = Union[None, int, IO[Any]] _TXT = Union[bytes, Text] _CMD = Union[_TXT, Sequence[_TXT]] _ENV = Union[Mapping[bytes, _TXT], Mapping[Text, _TXT]] # Same args as Popen.__init__ def call(args: _CMD, bufsize: int = ..., executable: _TXT = ..., stdin: _FILE = ..., stdout: _FILE = ..., stderr: _FILE = ..., preexec_fn: Callable[[], Any] = ..., close_fds: bool = ..., shell: bool = ..., cwd: _TXT = ..., env: _ENV = ..., universal_newlines: bool = ..., startupinfo: Any = ..., creationflags: int = ...) -> int: ... def check_call(args: _CMD, bufsize: int = ..., executable: _TXT = ..., stdin: _FILE = ..., stdout: _FILE = ..., stderr: _FILE = ..., preexec_fn: Callable[[], Any] = ..., close_fds: bool = ..., shell: bool = ..., cwd: _TXT = ..., env: _ENV = ..., universal_newlines: bool = ..., startupinfo: Any = ..., creationflags: int = ...) -> int: ... # Same args as Popen.__init__ except for stdout def check_output(args: _CMD, bufsize: int = ..., executable: _TXT = ..., stdin: _FILE = ..., stderr: _FILE = ..., preexec_fn: Callable[[], Any] = ..., close_fds: bool = ..., shell: bool = ..., cwd: _TXT = ..., env: _ENV = ..., universal_newlines: bool = ..., startupinfo: Any = ..., creationflags: int = ...) -> bytes: ... PIPE = ... # type: int STDOUT = ... # type: int class CalledProcessError(Exception): returncode = 0 # morally: _CMD cmd = ... # type: Any # morally: Optional[bytes] output = ... # type: Any def __init__(self, returncode: int, cmd: _CMD, output: Optional[bytes] = ...) -> None: ... class Popen: stdin = ... # type: Optional[IO[Any]] stdout = ... # type: Optional[IO[Any]] stderr = ... # type: Optional[IO[Any]] pid = 0 returncode = 0 def __init__(self, args: _CMD, bufsize: int = ..., executable: Optional[_TXT] = ..., stdin: Optional[_FILE] = ..., stdout: Optional[_FILE] = ..., stderr: Optional[_FILE] = ..., preexec_fn: Optional[Callable[[], Any]] = ..., close_fds: bool = ..., shell: bool = ..., cwd: Optional[_TXT] = ..., env: Optional[_ENV] = ..., universal_newlines: bool = ..., startupinfo: Optional[Any] = ..., creationflags: int = ...) -> None: ... def poll(self) -> int: ... def wait(self) -> int: ... # morally: -> Tuple[Optional[bytes], Optional[bytes]] def communicate(self, input: Optional[_TXT] = ...) -> Tuple[Any, Any]: ... def send_signal(self, signal: int) -> None: ... def terminate(self) -> None: ... def kill(self) -> None: ... def __enter__(self) -> 'Popen': ... def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback) -> bool: ... # Windows-only: STARTUPINFO etc. STD_INPUT_HANDLE = ... # type: Any STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = ... # type: Any STD_ERROR_HANDLE = ... # type: Any SW_HIDE = ... # type: Any STARTF_USESTDHANDLES = ... # type: Any STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW = ... # type: Any CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE = ... # type: Any CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP = ... # type: Any