使用消息队列在数据的通信中拥有很多优点,SnakeMQ是一个开源的用Python实现的跨平台MQ库,well,Python的消息队列包SnakeMQ使用初探,here we go:
一、关于snakemq的官方介绍
SnakeMQ的GitHub项目页：https://github.com/dsiroky/snakemq
1.纯python实现，跨平台
2.自动重连接
3.可靠发送--可配置的消息方式与消息超时方式
4.持久化/临时 两种队列
5.支持异步 -- poll()
6.symmetrical -- 单个TCP连接可用于双工通讯
7.多数据库支持 -- SQLite、MongoDB……
8.brokerless - 类似ZeroMQ的实现原理
9.扩展模块：RPC, bandwidth throttling
以上都是官话，需要自己验证，动手封装了一下，感觉萌萌哒。
二、几个主要问题说明
1.支持自动重连，不需要自己动手写心跳逻辑，你只需要关注发送和接收就行
2.支持数据持久化，如果开始持久化，在重连之后会自动发送数据。
3.数据的接收，snakemq通过提供回调实现，你只需要写个接收方法添加到回调列表里去。
4.数据的发送，在此发送的都是bytes类型（二进制），因此需要转换。我在程序中测试的都是文本字符串，使用str.encode(‘utf-8')转换成bytes，接收时再转换回来。
5.术语解释，Connector：类似于socket的TcpClient，Lisenter：类似于socket的TcpServer，每个connector或者listener都一个一个ident标识，发送和接收数据时就知道是谁的数据了。
6.使用sqlite持久化时，需要修改源码，sqlite3.connect(filename,check_same_thread = False)，用于解决多线程访问sqlite的问题。（会不会死锁？）
7.启动持久化时，如果重新连上，则会自动发送，保证可靠。
8.为了封装的需要，数据接收以后，我通过callback方式传送出去。
三、代码
说明代码中使用了自定义的日志模块
from common import nxlogger import snakemqlogger as logger
可替换成logging的。
回调类（callbacks.py）：
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- '''synchronized callback''' class Callback(object): def __init__(self): self.callbacks = [] def add(self, func): self.callbacks.append(func) def remove(self, func): self.callbacks.remove(func) def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs): for callback in self.callbacks: callback(*args, **kwargs)
Connector类（snakemqConnector.py）：
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import threading import snakemq import snakemq.link import snakemq.packeter import snakemq.messaging import snakemq.message from snakemq.storage.sqlite import SqliteQueuesStorage from snakemq.message import FLAG_PERSISTENT from common.callbacks import Callback from common import nxlogger import snakemqlogger as logger class SnakemqConnector(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, snakemqident = None, remoteIp = "localhost", remotePort = 9090, persistent = False): super(SnakemqConnector,self).__init__() self.messaging = None self.link = None self.snakemqident = snakemqident self.pktr = None self.remoteIp = remoteIp self.remotePort = remotePort self.persistent = persistent self.on_recv = Callback() self._initConnector() def run(self): logger.info("connector start...") if self.link != None: self.link.loop() logger.info("connector end...") def terminate(self): logger.info("connetor terminating...") if self.link != None: self.link.stop() self.link.cleanup() logger.info("connetor terminated") def on_recv_message(self, conn, ident, message): try: self.on_recv(ident, message.data.decode('utf-8'))#dispatch received data except Exception as e: logger.error("connector recv:{0}".format(e)) print(e) '''send message to dest host named destIdent''' def sendMsg(self, destIdent, byteseq): msg = None if self.persistent: msg = snakemq.message.Message(byteseq, ttl=60, flags=FLAG_PERSISTENT) else: msg = snakemq.message.Message(byteseq, ttl=60) if self.messaging == None: logger.error("connector:messaging is not initialized, send message failed") return self.messaging.send_message(destIdent, msg) ''' ''' def _initConnector(self): try: self.link = snakemq.link.Link() self.link.add_connector((self.remoteIp, self.remotePort)) self.pktr = snakemq.packeter.Packeter(self.link) if self.persistent: storage = SqliteQueuesStorage("SnakemqStorage.db") self.messaging = snakemq.messaging.Messaging(self.snakemqident, "", self.pktr, storage) else: self.messaging = snakemq.messaging.Messaging(self.snakemqident, "", self.pktr) self.messaging.on_message_recv.add(self.on_recv_message) except Exception as e: logger.error("connector:{0}".format(e)) finally: logger.info("connector[{0}] loop ended...".format(self.snakemqident)) Listener类（snakemqListener.py）：
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import threading import snakemq import snakemq.link import snakemq.packeter import snakemq.messaging import snakemq.message from common import nxlogger import snakemqlogger as logger from common.callbacks import Callback class SnakemqListener(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, snakemqident = None, ip = "localhost", port = 9090, persistent = False): super(SnakemqListener,self).__init__() self.messaging = None self.link = None self.pktr = None self.snakemqident = snakemqident self.ip = ip; self.port = port self.connectors = {} self.on_recv = Callback() self.persistent = persistent self._initlistener() ''' thread run ''' def run(self): logger.info("listener start...") if self.link != None: self.link.loop() logger.info("listener end...") ''' terminate snakemq listener thread ''' def terminate(self): logger.info("listener terminating...") if self.link != None: self.link.stop() self.link.cleanup() logger.info("listener terminated") ''' receive message from host named ident ''' def on_recv_message(self, conn, ident, message): try: self.on_recv(ident, message.data.decode('utf-8'))#dispatch received data self.sendMsg('bob','hello,{0}'.format(ident).encode('utf-8')) except Exception as e: logger.error("listener recv:{0}".format(e)) print(e) def on_drop_message(self, ident, message): print("message dropped", ident, message) logger.debug("listener:message dropped,ident:{0},message:{1}".format(ident, message)) '''client connect''' def on_connect(self, ident): logger.debug("listener:{0} connected".format(ident)) self.connectors[ident] = ident self.sendMsg(ident, "hello".encode('utf-8')) '''client disconnect''' def on_disconnect(self, ident): logger.debug("listener:{0} disconnected".format(ident)) if ident in self.connectors: self.connectors.pop(ident) ''' listen start loop ''' def _initlistener(self): try: self.link = snakemq.link.Link() self.link.add_listener((self.ip, self.port)) self.pktr = snakemq.packeter.Packeter(self.link) self.pktr.on_connect.add(self.on_connect) self.pktr.on_disconnect.add(self.on_disconnect) if self.persistent: storage = SqliteQueuesStorage("SnakemqStorage.db") self.messaging = snakemq.messaging.Messaging(self.snakemqident, "", self.pktr, storage) else: self.messaging = snakemq.messaging.Messaging(self.snakemqident, "", self.pktr) self.messaging.on_message_recv.add(self.on_recv_message) self.messaging.on_message_drop.add(self.on_drop_message) except Exception as e: logger.error("listener:{0}".format(e)) finally: logger.info("listener:loop ended...") '''send message to dest host named destIdent''' def sendMsg(self, destIdent, byteseq): msg = None if self.persistent: msg = snakemq.message.Message(byteseq, ttl=60, flags=FLAG_PERSISTENT) else: msg = snakemq.message.Message(byteseq, ttl=60) if self.messaging == None: logger.error("listener:messaging is not initialized, send message failed") return self.messaging.send_message(destIdent, msg) 测试代码connector（testSnakeConnector.py）：
读取本地一个1M的文件，然后发送给listener，然后listener发回一个hello的信息。
from netComm.snakemq import snakemqConnector import time import sys import os def received(ident, data): print(data) if __name__ == "__main__": bob = snakemqConnector.SnakemqConnector('bob',"10.16.5.45",4002,True) bob.on_recv.add(received) bob.start() try: with open("testfile.txt",encoding='utf-8') as f: txt = f.read() for i in range(100): bob.sendMsg("niess",txt.encode('utf-8')) time.sleep(0.1) except Exception as e: print(e) time.sleep(5) bob.terminate() 测试代码listener（testSnakeListener.py）： from netComm.snakemq import snakemqListener import time def received(ident, data): filename = "log/recFile{0}.txt".format(time.strftime('%S',time.localtime())) file = open(filename,'w') file.writelines(data) file.close() if __name__ == "__main__": niess = snakemqListener.SnakemqListener("niess","10.16.5.45",4002) niess.on_recv.add(received) niess.start() print("niess start...") time.sleep(60) niess.terminate() print("niess end...") 以上就是Python的消息队列包SnakeMQ使用初探的详细内容，更多请关注0133技术站其它相关文章！
