python3中os.path模块下常用的用法总结【推荐】

 返回一个目录的绝对路径 Return an absolute path. >>> os.path.abspath("/etc/sysconfig/selinux") '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' >>> os.getcwd() '/root' >>> os.path.abspath("python_modu") '/root/python_modu'

 返回一个目录的基名 Returns the final component of a pathname >>> os.path.basename("/etc/sysconfig/selinux") 'selinux' >>> os.path.basename("/usr/local/python3/bin/python3") 'python3'

 返回一个目录的目录名 Returns the directory component of a pathname >>> os.path.dirname("/etc/sysconfig/selinux") '/etc/sysconfig' >>> os.path.dirname("/usr/local/python3/bin/python3") '/usr/local/python3/bin'

 测试指定文件是否存在 Test whether a path exists. Returns False for broken symbolic links >>> os.path.exists("/home/egon") False >>> os.path.exists("/root") True >>> os.path.exists("/usr/bin/python") True

 得到指定文件最后一次的访问时间 Return the last access time of a file, reported by os.stat(). >>> os.stat("/root/test.sh") os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696) >>> os.path.getatime("/root/test.sh") 1498117664.2808378

 得到指定文件最后一次的改变时间 Return the metadata change time of a file, reported by os.stat(). >>> os.stat("/root/test.sh") os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696) >>> os.path.getctime("/root/test.sh") 1498117696.039542

 得到指定文件最后一次的修改时间 Return the last modification time of a file, reported by os.stat(). >>> os.stat("/root/test.sh") os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696) >>> os.path.getmtime("/root/test.sh") 1496629059.9313989

 得到得到文件的大小 Return the size of a file, reported by os.stat(). >>> os.stat("/root/test.sh") os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696) >>> os.path.getsize("/root/test.sh") 568

 测试参数是否是绝对路径 Test whether a path is absolute >>> os.path.isabs("python_modu") False >>> os.path.isabs("/etc/sysconfig") True

 测试指定参数是否是目录名 Return true if the pathname refers to an existing directory. >>> os.path.isdir("/etc/sysconfig/selinux") False >>> os.path.isdir("/home") True

 测试指定参数是否是一个文件 Test whether a path is a regular file >>> os.path.isfile("/home") False >>> os.path.isfile("/etc/sysconfig/selinux") True

 测试指定参数是否是一个软链接 Test whether a path is a symbolic link >>> os.path.islink("/etc/sysconfig/selinux") True >>> os.path.islink("/etc/sysconfig/nfs") False

 测试指定参数是否是挂载点 Test whether a path is a mount point >>> os.path.ismount("/mnt/cdrom") False 以上是未挂载光盘，现在把光盘挂载到/mnt/cdrom下，再进行测试 >>> os.path.ismount("/mnt/cdrom") True

 join(a, *p) 将目录名和文件的基名拼接成一个完整的路径 Join two or more pathname components, inserting '/' as needed. If any component is an absolute path, all previous path components will be discarded. An empty last part will result in a path that ends with a separator. >>> for filename in os.listdir("/home"): ...  print(os.path.join("/tmp",filename)) ... /tmp/a /tmp/f1.txt

 返回指定文件的标准路径，而非软链接所在的路径 Return the canonical path of the specified filename, eliminating any symbolic links encountered in the path. >>> os.path.realpath("/etc/sysconfig/selinux") '/etc/selinux/config' >>> os.path.realpath("/usr/bin/python") '/usr/bin/python2.7'

 测试两个路径是否指向同一个文件 Test whether two pathnames reference the same actual file sameopenfile 测试两个打开的文件是否指向同一个文件 Test whether two open file objects reference the same file

 分割目录名，返回由其目录名和基名给成的元组 Split a pathname. Returns tuple "(head, tail)" where "tail" is everything after the final slash. Either part may be empty. >>> os.path.split("/tmp/f1.txt") ('/tmp', 'f1.txt') >>> os.path.split("/home/test.sh") ('/home', 'test.sh')

 分割文件名，返回由文件名和扩展名组成的元组 Split the extension from a pathname. Extension is everything from the last dot to the end, ignoring leading dots. Returns "(root, ext)"; ext may be empty. >>> os.path.splitext("/home/test.sh") ('/home/test', '.sh') >>> os.path.splitext("/tmp/f1.txt") ('/tmp/f1', '.txt')