这篇文章主要介绍了Python爬虫爬取新闻资讯案例详解,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友可以参考下
前言
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一个简单的Python资讯采集案例，列表页到详情页，到数据保存，保存为txt文档，网站网页结构算是比较规整，简单清晰明了，资讯新闻内容的采集和保存！
应用到的库
requests，time，re，UserAgent，etree
import requests,time,re
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
from lxml import etree
列表页面
列表页，链接xpath解析
href_list=req.xpath('//ul[@class="news-list"]/li/a/@href')
详情页
内容xpath解析
h2=req.xpath('//div[@class="title-box"]/h2/text()')[0]
author=req.xpath('//div[@class="title-box"]/span[@class="news-from"]/text()')[0]
details=req.xpath('//div[@class="content-l detail"]/p/text()')
内容格式化处理
detail='\n'.join(details)
标题格式化处理，替换非法字符
pattern = r"[\/\\\:\*\?\"\<\>\|]"
new_title = re.sub(pattern, "_", title) # 替换为下划线
保存数据，保存为txt文本
def save(self,h2, author, detail):
with open(f'{h2}.txt','w',encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write('%s%s%s%s%s'%(h2,'\n',detail,'\n',author))print(f"保存{h2}.txt文本成功！")
遍历数据采集，yield处理
def get_tasks(self):
data_list = self.parse_home_list(self.url)
for item in data_list:
yield item
程序运行效果
程序采集效果
附源码参考：
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- import requests,time,re from fake_useragent import UserAgent from lxml import etree class RandomHeaders(object): ua=UserAgent() @property def random_headers(self): return { 'User-Agent': self.ua.random, } class Spider(RandomHeaders): def __init__(self,url): self.url=url def parse_home_list(self,url): response=requests.get(url,headers=self.random_headers).content.decode('utf-8') req=etree.HTML(response) href_list=req.xpath('//ul[@class="news-list"]/li/a/@href') print(href_list) for href in href_list: item = self.parse_detail(f'https://yz.chsi.com.cn{href}') yield item def parse_detail(self,url): print(f">>正在爬取{url}") try: response = requests.get(url, headers=self.random_headers).content.decode('utf-8') time.sleep(2) except Exception as e: print(e.args) self.parse_detail(url) else: req = etree.HTML(response) try: h2=req.xpath('//div[@class="title-box"]/h2/text()')[0] h2=self.validate_title(h2) author=req.xpath('//div[@class="title-box"]/span[@class="news-from"]/text()')[0] details=req.xpath('//div[@class="content-l detail"]/p/text()') detail='\n'.join(details) print(h2, author, detail) self.save(h2, author, detail) return h2, author, detail except IndexError: print(">>>采集出错需延时，5s后重试..") time.sleep(5) self.parse_detail(url) @staticmethod def validate_title(title): pattern = r"[\/\\\:\*\?\"\<\>\|]" new_title = re.sub(pattern, "_", title) # 替换为下划线 return new_title def save(self,h2, author, detail): with open(f'{h2}.txt','w',encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write('%s%s%s%s%s'%(h2,'\n',detail,'\n',author)) print(f"保存{h2}.txt文本成功！") def get_tasks(self): data_list = self.parse_home_list(self.url) for item in data_list: yield item if __name__=="__main__": url="https://yz.chsi.com.cn/kyzx/jyxd/" spider=Spider(url) for data in spider.get_tasks(): print(data)以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持html中文网。
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