Python中常见的反爬机制及其破解方法总结

 import requests for page in range(1, 6): response = requests.get( 'http://api.tianapi.com/topnews/index', params={ 'key': 'd5eace66dccd771e36767ce3563efa09', 'page': page, 'num': 20, 'word': '华为', 'src': '人民日报' } ) result = response.json() for news in result['newslist']: print(news['title']) print(news['url']) 

 import easyocr reader = easyocr.Reader(['ch_sim', 'en'], gpu=False) print(reader.readtext('./files/captcha.jpg-600', detail=0))

 import io import easyocr from PIL import Image from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait browser = webdriver.Chrome() browser.set_window_size(1280, 960) browser.get('http://mail.1000phone.com/') # 隐式等待（下面的方法在工作时如果取不到就等10秒） browser.implicitly_wait(10) # 显式等待 wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10) wait.until(expected_conditions.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.login_panel_iframe'))) iframe1 = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.login_panel_iframe') # 记录iframe1的位置（相对位置） x1, y1 = iframe1.location['x'], iframe1.location['y'] # Chrome对象的switch_to属性的frame方法，可以从页面切换到iframe中 browser.switch_to.frame(iframe1) iframe2 = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#ding-login-iframe') x2, y2 = iframe2.location['x'], iframe2.location['y'] browser.switch_to.frame(iframe2) username_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#username') # 模拟用户输入 username_input.send_keys('xx@1000phone.com') password_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#password') password_input.send_keys('xxxxx!!') # 创建一个等待对象 wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10) wait.until(expected_conditions.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#login_checkcode_ico'))) captcha_img = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#login_checkcode_ico') # WebElement对象的size属性代表元素宽度和高度，location属性代表元素在窗口中的位置 size, location = captcha_img.size, captcha_img.location x3, y3, width, height = location['x'], location['y'], size['width'], size['height'] # 截取整个浏览器窗口的图片获得图片的二进制数据 image_data = browser.get_screenshot_as_png() # bytes（只读字节串） ----> io.BytesIO（可写字节串）---> getvalue() ---> bytes # str（只读字符串） ----> io.StringIO（可写字符串）---> getvalue() ---> str browser_image = Image.open(io.BytesIO(image_data)) # 从截图上剪裁出验证码的图片 x, y = x1 + x2 + x3, y1 + y2 + y3 # Windows系统的写法 ---> 如果截图有问题就把坐标写死 # print(x, y, width, height) checkcode_image = browser_image.crop((x * 1.25, y * 1.25, (x + width) * 1.25, (y + height) * 1.25)) # macOS系统的写法 # checkcode_image = browser_image.crop((x * 2, y * 2, (x + width) * 2, (y + height) * 2)) checkcode_image.save('result.png-600') # 通过easyocr做光学文字识别 reader = easyocr.Reader(['en'], gpu=False) code = reader.readtext('result.png-600', detail=0)[0] # 将识别出的验证码输入文本框 checkcode_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#login_checkcode') checkcode_input.send_keys(code) login_button = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#login_submit_btn') # 模拟用户点击 login_button.click() 

 """ Pillow库 ---> PIL ---> Python Image Library """ from PIL import Image, ImageFilter # 加载图像 guido_image = Image.open('guido.jpg-600') # 剪裁 guido_image.crop((80, 40, 310, 350)).show() # 滤镜 guido_image.filter(ImageFilter.CONTOUR).show() # 缩略图 guido_image.thumbnail((125, 185)) # 显示图像 guido_image.show() 

 from hashlib import md5 import requests class ChaojiyingClient: def __init__(self, username, password, soft_id): self.username = username password = password.encode('utf8') self.password = md5(password).hexdigest() self.soft_id = soft_id self.base_params = { 'user': self.username, 'pass2': self.password, 'softid': self.soft_id, } self.headers = { 'Connection': 'Keep-Alive', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)', } def post_pic(self, image_data, code_type): """ image_data: 图片字节 code_type: 验证码类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html """ params = { 'codetype': code_type, } params.update(self.base_params) files = {'userfile': ('ccc.jpg-600', image_data)} response = requests.post( url='http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php', data=params, files=files, headers=self.headers ) return response.json() # 超级鹰错误反馈函数（仅用于给超级鹰平台反馈） def report_error(self, im_id): """ im_id:报错题目的图片ID """ params = { 'id': im_id, } params.update(self.base_params) r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php', data=params, headers=self.headers) return r.json() if __name__ == '__main__': chaojiying = ChaojiyingClient('账户', '密码x', 'ID')  # 用户中心>>软件ID 生成一个替换 96001 with open('img.png-600', 'rb') as file: image_data = file.read()  # 本地图片文件路径 来替换 a.jpg-600 有时WIN系统须要// print(chaojiying.post_pic(image_data, 1902))  # 1902 验证码类型  官方网站>>价格体系 3.4+版 print 后要加() 

 import io import easyocr from PIL import Image from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait from chaojiying import ChaojiyingClient browser = webdriver.Chrome() browser.set_window_size(1280, 960) browser.get('http://mail.1000phone.com/') # 隐式等待（下面的方法在工作时如果取不到就等10秒） browser.implicitly_wait(10) # 显式等待 wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10) wait.until(expected_conditions.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.login_panel_iframe'))) iframe1 = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.login_panel_iframe') # 记录iframe1的位置（相对位置） x1, y1 = iframe1.location['x'], iframe1.location['y'] # Chrome对象的switch_to属性的frame方法，可以从页面切换到iframe中 browser.switch_to.frame(iframe1) iframe2 = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#ding-login-iframe') x2, y2 = iframe2.location['x'], iframe2.location['y'] browser.switch_to.frame(iframe2) username_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#username') # 模拟用户输入 username_input.send_keys('xxxx.com') password_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#password') password_input.send_keys('xxxx!!') # 创建一个等待对象 wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10) wait.until(expected_conditions.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#login_checkcode_ico'))) captcha_img = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#login_checkcode_ico') # WebElement对象的size属性代表元素宽度和高度，location属性代表元素在窗口中的位置 size, location = captcha_img.size, captcha_img.location x3, y3, width, height = location['x'], location['y'], size['width'], size['height'] # 截取整个浏览器窗口的图片获得图片的二进制数据 image_data = browser.get_screenshot_as_png() # bytes（只读字节串） ----> io.BytesIO（可写字节串）---> getvalue() ---> bytes # str（只读字符串） ----> io.StringIO（可写字符串）---> getvalue() ---> str browser_image = Image.open(io.BytesIO(image_data)) # 从截图上剪裁出验证码的图片 x, y = x1 + x2 + x3, y1 + y2 + y3 # Windows系统的写法 ---> 如果截图有问题就把坐标写死 # print(x, y, width, height) checkcode_image = browser_image.crop((x * 1.25, y * 1.25, (x + width) * 1.25, (y + height) * 1.25)) # macOS系统的写法 # checkcode_image = browser_image.crop((x * 2, y * 2, (x + width) * 2, (y + height) * 2)) checkcode_image.save('result.png-600') # 通过超级鹰打码平台打码 chaojiying = ChaojiyingClient('账户', '密码', 'ID') with open('result.png-600', 'rb') as file: image_data = file.read() result_dict = chaojiying.post_pic(image_data, 1902) # 将识别出的验证码输入文本框 checkcode_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#login_checkcode') checkcode_input.send_keys(result_dict['pic_str']) login_button = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#login_submit_btn') # 模拟用户点击 login_button.click() 

 import re import bs4 import requests pattern = re.compile(r'\d{4,6}') resp = requests.get('https://www.yinsiduanxin.com/china-phone-number/verification-code-16521686439.html') soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(resp.text, 'html.parser') # print(resp.text) td = soup.select_one('body > div.container > div:nth-child(4) > div:nth-child(3) > div.main > div.layui-row > table > tbody > tr:nth-child(1) > td:nth-child(2)') results = pattern.findall(td.text) print(results[0])