Python根据成绩分析系统浅析

在本篇文章里小编给大家分享了关于Python根据成绩分析是否继续深造一个系统的相关知识点，有需要的朋友们学习下。

案例:该数据集的是一个关于每个学生成绩的数据集,接下来我们对该数据集进行分析，判断学生是否适合继续深造

数据集特征展示

 1  GRE 成绩 (290 to 340) 2  TOEFL 成绩(92 to 120) 3  学校等级 (1 to 5) 4  自身的意愿 (1 to 5) 5  推荐信的力度 (1 to 5) 6  CGPA成绩 (6.8 to 9.92) 7  是否有研习经验 (0 or 1) 8  读硕士的意向 (0.34 to 0.97)

1.导入包

 import numpy as np import pandas as pd import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import seaborn as sns import os,sys

2.导入并查看数据集

 df = pd.read_csv("D:\\machine-learning\\score\\Admission_Predict.csv",sep = ",")
print('There are ',len(df.columns),'columns')
for c in df.columns:
 sys.stdout.write(str(c)+', '

 There are 9 columns Serial No., GRE Score, TOEFL Score, University Rating, SOP, LOR , CGPA, Research, Chance of Admit , 
一共有9列特征

 df.info()

  RangeIndex: 400 entries, 0 to 399 Data columns (total 9 columns): Serial No.   400 non-null int64 GRE Score   400 non-null int64 TOEFL Score   400 non-null int64 University Rating 400 non-null int64 SOP     400 non-null float64 LOR     400 non-null float64 CGPA     400 non-null float64 Research    400 non-null int64 Chance of Admit  400 non-null float64 dtypes: float64(4), int64(5) memory usage: 28.2 KB

数据集信息：
1.数据有9个特征，分别是学号，GRE分数，托福分数，学校等级，SOP，LOR，CGPA，是否参加研习，进修的几率
2.数据集中没有空值
3.一共有400条数据

 # 整理列名称 df = df.rename(columns={'Chance of Admit ':'Chance of Admit'})
# 显示前5列数据
df.head()

3.查看每个特征的相关性

 fig,ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10,10)) sns.heatmap(df.corr(),ax=ax,annot=True,linewidths=0.05,fmt='.2f',cmap='magma') plt.show()

结论：1.最有可能影响是否读硕士的特征是GRE，CGPA，TOEFL成绩

2.影响相对较小的特征是LOR，SOP，和Research

4.数据可视化，双变量分析

4.1 进行Research的人数

 print("Not Having Research:",len(df[df.Research == 0])) print("Having Research:",len(df[df.Research == 1])) y = np.array([len(df[df.Research == 0]),len(df[df.Research == 1])]) x = np.arange(2) plt.bar(x,y) plt.title("Research Experience") plt.xlabel("Canditates") plt.ylabel("Frequency") plt.xticks(x,('Not having research','Having research')) plt.show()

　　结论：进行research的人数是219，本科没有research人数是181

　　4.2 学生的托福成绩

 y = np.array([df['TOEFL Score'].min(),df['TOEFL Score'].mean(),df['TOEFL Score'].max()]) x = np.arange(3) plt.bar(x,y) plt.title('TOEFL Score') plt.xlabel('Level') plt.ylabel('TOEFL Score') plt.xticks(x,('Worst','Average','Best')) plt.show()

结论：最低分92分，最高分满分，进修学生的英语成绩很不错

4.3 GRE成绩

 df['GRE Score'].plot(kind='hist',bins=200,figsize=(6,6)) plt.title('GRE Score') plt.xlabel('GRE Score') plt.ylabel('Frequency') plt.show()

结论：310和330的分值的学生居多

4.4 CGPA和学校等级的关系

 plt.scatter(df['University Rating'],df['CGPA']) plt.title('CGPA Scores for University ratings') plt.xlabel('University Rating') plt.ylabel('CGPA') plt.show()

结论：学校越好，学生的GPA可能就越高

4.5 GRE成绩和CGPA的关系

 plt.scatter(df['GRE Score'],df['CGPA']) plt.title('CGPA for GRE Scores') plt.xlabel('GRE Score') plt.ylabel('CGPA') plt.show()

结论：GPA基点越高，GRE分数越高，2者的相关性很大

4.6 托福成绩和GRE成绩的关系

 df[df['CGPA']>=8.5].plot(kind='scatter',x='GRE Score',y='TOEFL Score',color='red') plt.xlabel('GRE Score') plt.ylabel('TOEFL Score') plt.title('CGPA >= 8.5') plt.grid(True) plt.show()

结论：多数情况下GRE和托福成正相关，但是GRE分数高，托福一定高。

4.6 学校等级和是否读硕士的关系

 s = df[df['Chance of Admit'] >= 0.75]['University Rating'].value_counts().head(5) plt.title('University Ratings of Candidates with an 75% acceptance chance') s.plot(kind='bar',figsize=(20,10),cmap='Pastel1') plt.xlabel('University Rating') plt.ylabel('Candidates') plt.show()

结论：排名靠前的学校的学生，进修的可能性更大

4.7 SOP和GPA的关系

 plt.scatter(df['CGPA'],df['SOP']) plt.xlabel('CGPA') plt.ylabel('SOP') plt.title('SOP for CGPA') plt.show()

结论： GPA很高的学生，选择读硕士的自我意愿更强烈

4.8 SOP和GRE的关系

 plt.scatter(df['GRE Score'],df['SOP']) plt.xlabel('GRE Score') plt.ylabel('SOP') plt.title('SOP for GRE Score') plt.show()

结论：读硕士意愿强的学生，GRE分数较高

5.模型

5.1 准备数据集

 # 读取数据集 df = pd.read_csv('D:\\machine-learning\\score\\Admission_Predict.csv',sep=',') serialNO = df['Serial No.'].values df.drop(['Serial No.'],axis=1,inplace=True) df = df.rename(columns={'Chance of Admit ':'Chance of Admit'}) # 分割数据集 y = df['Chance of Admit'].values x = df.drop(['Chance of Admit'],axis=1) from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test = train_test_split(x,y,test_size=0.2,random_state=42)

 # 归一化数据
from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler
scaleX = MinMaxScaler(feature_range=[0,1])
x_train[x_train.columns] = scaleX.fit_transform(x_train[x_train.columns])
x_test[x_test.columns] = scaleX.fit_transform(x_test[x_test.columns])

5.2 回归

5.2.1 线性回归

 from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression lr = LinearRegression() lr.fit(x_train,y_train) y_head_lr = lr.predict(x_test) print('Real value of y_test[1]: '+str(y_test[1]) + ' -> predict value: ' + str(lr.predict(x_test.iloc[[1],:]))) print('Real value of y_test[2]: '+str(y_test[2]) + ' -> predict value: ' + str(lr.predict(x_test.iloc[[2],:]))) from sklearn.metrics import r2_score print('r_square score: ',r2_score(y_test,y_head_lr)) y_head_lr_train = lr.predict(x_train) print('r_square score(train data):',r2_score(y_train,y_head_lr_train))

5.2.2 随机森林回归

 from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestRegressor rfr = RandomForestRegressor(n_estimators=100,random_state=42) rfr.fit(x_train,y_train) y_head_rfr = rfr.predict(x_test) print('Real value of y_test[1]: '+str(y_test[1]) + ' -> predict value: ' + str(rfr.predict(x_test.iloc[[1],:]))) print('Real value of y_test[2]: '+str(y_test[2]) + ' -> predict value: ' + str(rfr.predict(x_test.iloc[[2],:]))) from sklearn.metrics import r2_score print('r_square score: ',r2_score(y_test,y_head_rfr)) y_head_rfr_train = rfr.predict(x_train) print('r_square score(train data):',r2_score(y_train,y_head_rfr_train))

5.2.3 决策树回归

 from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeRegressor dt = DecisionTreeRegressor(random_state=42) dt.fit(x_train,y_train) y_head_dt = dt.predict(x_test) print('Real value of y_test[1]: '+str(y_test[1]) + ' -> predict value: ' + str(dt.predict(x_test.iloc[[1],:]))) print('Real value of y_test[2]: '+str(y_test[2]) + ' -> predict value: ' + str(dt.predict(x_test.iloc[[2],:]))) from sklearn.metrics import r2_score print('r_square score: ',r2_score(y_test,y_head_dt)) y_head_dt_train = dt.predict(x_train) print('r_square score(train data):',r2_score(y_train,y_head_dt_train))

5.2.4 三种回归方法比较

 y = np.array([r2_score(y_test,y_head_lr),r2_score(y_test,y_head_rfr),r2_score(y_test,y_head_dt)]) x = np.arange(3) plt.bar(x,y) plt.title('Comparion of Regression Algorithms') plt.xlabel('Regression') plt.ylabel('r2_score') plt.xticks(x,("LinearRegression","RandomForestReg.","DecisionTreeReg.")) plt.show()

结论：回归算法中，线性回归的性能更优

5.2.5 三种回归方法与实际值的比较

 red = plt.scatter(np.arange(0,80,5),y_head_lr[0:80:5],color='red') blue = plt.scatter(np.arange(0,80,5),y_head_rfr[0:80:5],color='blue') green = plt.scatter(np.arange(0,80,5),y_head_dt[0:80:5],color='green') black = plt.scatter(np.arange(0,80,5),y_test[0:80:5],color='black') plt.title('Comparison of Regression Algorithms') plt.xlabel('Index of candidate') plt.ylabel('Chance of admit') plt.legend([red,blue,green,black],['LR','RFR','DT','REAL']) plt.show()

结论：在数据集中有70%的候选人有可能读硕士，从上图来看还有些点没有很好的得到预测

5.3 分类算法

5.3.1 准备数据

 df = pd.read_csv('D:\\machine-learning\\score\\Admission_Predict.csv',sep=',') SerialNO = df['Serial No.'].values df.drop(['Serial No.'],axis=1,inplace=True) df = df.rename(columns={'Chance of Admit ':'Chance of Admit'}) y = df['Chance of Admit'].values x = df.drop(['Chance of Admit'],axis=1) from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test = train_test_split(x,y,test_size=0.2,random_state=42) from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler scaleX = MinMaxScaler(feature_range=[0,1]) x_train[x_train.columns] = scaleX.fit_transform(x_train[x_train.columns]) x_test[x_test.columns] = scaleX.fit_transform(x_test[x_test.columns]) # 如果chance >0.8, chance of admit 就是1，否则就是0 y_train_01 = [1 if each > 0.8 else 0 for each in y_train] y_test_01 = [1 if each > 0.8 else 0 for each in y_test] y_train_01 = np.array(y_train_01) y_test_01 = np.array(y_test_01)

5.3.2 逻辑回归

 from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression lrc = LogisticRegression() lrc.fit(x_train,y_train_01) print('score: ',lrc.score(x_test,y_test_01)) print('Real value of y_test_01[1]: '+str(y_test_01[1]) + ' -> predict value: ' + str(lrc.predict(x_test.iloc[[1],:]))) print('Real value of y_test_01[2]: '+str(y_test_01[2]) + ' -> predict value: ' + str(lrc.predict(x_test.iloc[[2],:]))) from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix cm_lrc = confusion_matrix(y_test_01,lrc.predict(x_test)) f,ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5,5)) sns.heatmap(cm_lrc,annot=True,linewidths=0.5,linecolor='red',fmt='.0f',ax=ax) plt.title('Test for Test dataset') plt.xlabel('predicted y values') plt.ylabel('real y value') plt.show() from sklearn.metrics import recall_score,precision_score,f1_score print('precision_score is : ',precision_score(y_test_01,lrc.predict(x_test))) print('recall_score is : ',recall_score(y_test_01,lrc.predict(x_test))) print('f1_score is : ',f1_score(y_test_01,lrc.predict(x_test))) # Test for Train Dataset: cm_lrc_train = confusion_matrix(y_train_01,lrc.predict(x_train)) f,ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5,5)) sns.heatmap(cm_lrc_train,annot=True,linewidths=0.5,linecolor='blue',fmt='.0f',ax=ax) plt.title('Test for Train dataset') plt.xlabel('predicted y values') plt.ylabel('real y value') plt.show()

结论：1.通过混淆矩阵，逻辑回归算法在训练集样本上，有23个分错的样本，有72人想进一步读硕士

2.在测试集上有7个分错的样本　

5.3.3 支持向量机（SVM）

 from sklearn.svm import SVC svm = SVC(random_state=1,kernel='rbf') svm.fit(x_train,y_train_01) print('score: ',svm.score(x_test,y_test_01)) print('Real value of y_test_01[1]: '+str(y_test_01[1]) + ' -> predict value: ' + str(svm.predict(x_test.iloc[[1],:]))) print('Real value of y_test_01[2]: '+str(y_test_01[2]) + ' -> predict value: ' + str(svm.predict(x_test.iloc[[2],:]))) from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix cm_svm = confusion_matrix(y_test_01,svm.predict(x_test)) f,ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5,5)) sns.heatmap(cm_svm,annot=True,linewidths=0.5,linecolor='red',fmt='.0f',ax=ax) plt.title('Test for Test dataset') plt.xlabel('predicted y values') plt.ylabel('real y value') plt.show() from sklearn.metrics import recall_score,precision_score,f1_score print('precision_score is : ',precision_score(y_test_01,svm.predict(x_test))) print('recall_score is : ',recall_score(y_test_01,svm.predict(x_test))) print('f1_score is : ',f1_score(y_test_01,svm.predict(x_test))) # Test for Train Dataset: cm_svm_train = confusion_matrix(y_train_01,svm.predict(x_train)) f,ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5,5)) sns.heatmap(cm_svm_train,annot=True,linewidths=0.5,linecolor='blue',fmt='.0f',ax=ax) plt.title('Test for Train dataset') plt.xlabel('predicted y values') plt.ylabel('real y value') plt.show()

结论：1.通过混淆矩阵，SVM算法在训练集样本上，有22个分错的样本，有70人想进一步读硕士

2.在测试集上有8个分错的样本

5.3.4 朴素贝叶斯

 from sklearn.naive_bayes import GaussianNB nb = GaussianNB() nb.fit(x_train,y_train_01) print('score: ',nb.score(x_test,y_test_01)) print('Real value of y_test_01[1]: '+str(y_test_01[1]) + ' -> predict value: ' + str(nb.predict(x_test.iloc[[1],:]))) print('Real value of y_test_01[2]: '+str(y_test_01[2]) + ' -> predict value: ' + str(nb.predict(x_test.iloc[[2],:]))) from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix cm_nb = confusion_matrix(y_test_01,nb.predict(x_test)) f,ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5,5)) sns.heatmap(cm_nb,annot=True,linewidths=0.5,linecolor='red',fmt='.0f',ax=ax) plt.title('Test for Test dataset') plt.xlabel('predicted y values') plt.ylabel('real y value') plt.show() from sklearn.metrics import recall_score,precision_score,f1_score print('precision_score is : ',precision_score(y_test_01,nb.predict(x_test))) print('recall_score is : ',recall_score(y_test_01,nb.predict(x_test))) print('f1_score is : ',f1_score(y_test_01,nb.predict(x_test))) # Test for Train Dataset: cm_nb_train = confusion_matrix(y_train_01,nb.predict(x_train)) f,ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5,5)) sns.heatmap(cm_nb_train,annot=True,linewidths=0.5,linecolor='blue',fmt='.0f',ax=ax) plt.title('Test for Train dataset') plt.xlabel('predicted y values') plt.ylabel('real y value') plt.show()

结论：1.通过混淆矩阵，朴素贝叶斯算法在训练集样本上，有20个分错的样本，有78人想进一步读硕士

2.在测试集上有7个分错的样本

5.3.5 随机森林分类器

 from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier rfc = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=100,random_state=1) rfc.fit(x_train,y_train_01) print('score: ',rfc.score(x_test,y_test_01)) print('Real value of y_test_01[1]: '+str(y_test_01[1]) + ' -> predict value: ' + str(rfc.predict(x_test.iloc[[1],:]))) print('Real value of y_test_01[2]: '+str(y_test_01[2]) + ' -> predict value: ' + str(rfc.predict(x_test.iloc[[2],:]))) from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix cm_rfc = confusion_matrix(y_test_01,rfc.predict(x_test)) f,ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5,5)) sns.heatmap(cm_rfc,annot=True,linewidths=0.5,linecolor='red',fmt='.0f',ax=ax) plt.title('Test for Test dataset') plt.xlabel('predicted y values') plt.ylabel('real y value') plt.show() from sklearn.metrics import recall_score,precision_score,f1_score print('precision_score is : ',precision_score(y_test_01,rfc.predict(x_test))) print('recall_score is : ',recall_score(y_test_01,rfc.predict(x_test))) print('f1_score is : ',f1_score(y_test_01,rfc.predict(x_test))) # Test for Train Dataset: cm_rfc_train = confusion_matrix(y_train_01,rfc.predict(x_train)) f,ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5,5)) sns.heatmap(cm_rfc_train,annot=True,linewidths=0.5,linecolor='blue',fmt='.0f',ax=ax) plt.title('Test for Train dataset') plt.xlabel('predicted y values') plt.ylabel('real y value') plt.show()

结论：1.通过混淆矩阵，随机森林算法在训练集样本上，有0个分错的样本，有88人想进一步读硕士

2.在测试集上有5个分错的样本

5.3.6 决策树分类器

 from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier dtc = DecisionTreeClassifier(criterion='entropy',max_depth=3) dtc.fit(x_train,y_train_01) print('score: ',dtc.score(x_test,y_test_01)) print('Real value of y_test_01[1]: '+str(y_test_01[1]) + ' -> predict value: ' + str(dtc.predict(x_test.iloc[[1],:]))) print('Real value of y_test_01[2]: '+str(y_test_01[2]) + ' -> predict value: ' + str(dtc.predict(x_test.iloc[[2],:]))) from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix cm_dtc = confusion_matrix(y_test_01,dtc.predict(x_test)) f,ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5,5)) sns.heatmap(cm_dtc,annot=True,linewidths=0.5,linecolor='red',fmt='.0f',ax=ax) plt.title('Test for Test dataset') plt.xlabel('predicted y values') plt.ylabel('real y value') plt.show() from sklearn.metrics import recall_score,precision_score,f1_score print('precision_score is : ',precision_score(y_test_01,dtc.predict(x_test))) print('recall_score is : ',recall_score(y_test_01,dtc.predict(x_test))) print('f1_score is : ',f1_score(y_test_01,dtc.predict(x_test))) # Test for Train Dataset: cm_dtc_train = confusion_matrix(y_train_01,dtc.predict(x_train)) f,ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5,5)) sns.heatmap(cm_dtc_train,annot=True,linewidths=0.5,linecolor='blue',fmt='.0f',ax=ax) plt.title('Test for Train dataset') plt.xlabel('predicted y values') plt.ylabel('real y value') plt.show()

结论：1.通过混淆矩阵，决策树算法在训练集样本上，有20个分错的样本，有78人想进一步读硕士

2.在测试集上有7个分错的样本

5.3.7 K临近分类器

 from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier scores = [] for each in range(1,50): knn_n = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors = each) knn_n.fit(x_train,y_train_01) scores.append(knn_n.score(x_test,y_test_01)) plt.plot(range(1,50),scores) plt.xlabel('k') plt.ylabel('Accuracy') plt.show() knn = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=7) knn.fit(x_train,y_train_01) print('score 7 : ',knn.score(x_test,y_test_01)) print('Real value of y_test_01[1]: '+str(y_test_01[1]) + ' -> predict value: ' + str(knn.predict(x_test.iloc[[1],:]))) print('Real value of y_test_01[2]: '+str(y_test_01[2]) + ' -> predict value: ' + str(knn.predict(x_test.iloc[[2],:]))) from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix cm_knn = confusion_matrix(y_test_01,knn.predict(x_test)) f,ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5,5)) sns.heatmap(cm_knn,annot=True,linewidths=0.5,linecolor='red',fmt='.0f',ax=ax) plt.title('Test for Test dataset') plt.xlabel('predicted y values') plt.ylabel('real y value') plt.show() from sklearn.metrics import recall_score,precision_score,f1_score print('precision_score is : ',precision_score(y_test_01,knn.predict(x_test))) print('recall_score is : ',recall_score(y_test_01,knn.predict(x_test))) print('f1_score is : ',f1_score(y_test_01,knn.predict(x_test))) # Test for Train Dataset: cm_knn_train = confusion_matrix(y_train_01,knn.predict(x_train)) f,ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5,5)) sns.heatmap(cm_knn_train,annot=True,linewidths=0.5,linecolor='blue',fmt='.0f',ax=ax) plt.title('Test for Train dataset') plt.xlabel('predicted y values') plt.ylabel('real y value') plt.show()

结论：1.通过混淆矩阵，K临近算法在训练集样本上，有22个分错的样本，有71人想进一步读硕士

2.在测试集上有7个分错的样本

5.3.8 分类器比较

 y = np.array([lrc.score(x_test,y_test_01),svm.score(x_test,y_test_01),nb.score(x_test,y_test_01), dtc.score(x_test,y_test_01),rfc.score(x_test,y_test_01),knn.score(x_test,y_test_01)]) x = np.arange(6) plt.bar(x,y) plt.title('Comparison of Classification Algorithms') plt.xlabel('Classification') plt.ylabel('Score') plt.xticks(x,("LogisticReg.","SVM","GNB","Dec.Tree","Ran.Forest","KNN")) plt.show()

结论：随机森林和朴素贝叶斯二者的预测值都比较高

5.4 聚类算法

5.4.1 准备数据

 df = pd.read_csv('D:\\machine-learning\\score\\Admission_Predict.csv',sep=',') df = df.rename(columns={'Chance of Admit ':'Chance of Admit'}) serialNo = df['Serial No.'] df.drop(['Serial No.'],axis=1,inplace=True) df = (df - np.min(df)) / (np.max(df)-np.min(df)) y = df['Chance of Admit'] x = df.drop(['Chance of Admit'],axis=1)

5.4.2 降维

 from sklearn.decomposition import PCA pca = PCA(n_components=1,whiten=True) pca.fit(x) x_pca = pca.transform(x) x_pca = x_pca.reshape(400) dictionary = {'x':x_pca,'y':y} data = pd.DataFrame(dictionary) print('pca data:',data.head()) print() print('orin data:',df.head())

5.4.3 K均值聚类

 from sklearn.cluster import KMeans wcss = [] for k in range(1,15): kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=k) kmeans.fit(x) wcss.append(kmeans.inertia_) plt.plot(range(1,15),wcss) plt.xlabel('Kmeans') plt.ylabel('WCSS') plt.show() df["Serial No."] = serialNo kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=3) clusters_knn = kmeans.fit_predict(x) df['label_kmeans'] = clusters_knn plt.scatter(df[df.label_kmeans == 0 ]["Serial No."],df[df.label_kmeans == 0]['Chance of Admit'],color = "red") plt.scatter(df[df.label_kmeans == 1 ]["Serial No."],df[df.label_kmeans == 1]['Chance of Admit'],color = "blue") plt.scatter(df[df.label_kmeans == 2 ]["Serial No."],df[df.label_kmeans == 2]['Chance of Admit'],color = "green") plt.title("K-means Clustering") plt.xlabel("Candidates") plt.ylabel("Chance of Admit") plt.show() plt.scatter(data.x[df.label_kmeans == 0 ],data[df.label_kmeans == 0].y,color = "red") plt.scatter(data.x[df.label_kmeans == 1 ],data[df.label_kmeans == 1].y,color = "blue") plt.scatter(data.x[df.label_kmeans == 2 ],data[df.label_kmeans == 2].y,color = "green") plt.title("K-means Clustering") plt.xlabel("X") plt.ylabel("Chance of Admit") plt.show()

结论：数据集分成三个类别，一部分学生是决定继续读硕士，一部分放弃，还有一部分学生的比较犹豫，但是深造的可能性较大

5.4.4 层次聚类

 from scipy.cluster.hierarchy import linkage,dendrogram merg = linkage(x,method='ward') dendrogram(merg,leaf_rotation=90) plt.xlabel('data points') plt.ylabel('euclidean distance') plt.show() from sklearn.cluster import AgglomerativeClustering hiyerartical_cluster = AgglomerativeClustering(n_clusters=3,affinity='euclidean',linkage='ward') clusters_hiyerartical = hiyerartical_cluster.fit_predict(x) df['label_hiyerartical'] = clusters_hiyerartical plt.scatter(df[df.label_hiyerartical == 0 ]["Serial No."],df[df.label_hiyerartical == 0]['Chance of Admit'],color = "red") plt.scatter(df[df.label_hiyerartical == 1 ]["Serial No."],df[df.label_hiyerartical == 1]['Chance of Admit'],color = "blue") plt.scatter(df[df.label_hiyerartical == 2 ]["Serial No."],df[df.label_hiyerartical == 2]['Chance of Admit'],color = "green") plt.title('Hierarchical Clustering') plt.xlabel('Candidates') plt.ylabel('Chance of Admit') plt.show() plt.scatter(data[df.label_hiyerartical == 0].x,data.y[df.label_hiyerartical==0],color='red') plt.scatter(data[df.label_hiyerartical == 1].x,data.y[df.label_hiyerartical==1],color='blue') plt.scatter(data[df.label_hiyerartical == 2].x,data.y[df.label_hiyerartical==2],color='green') plt.title('Hierarchical Clustering') plt.xlabel('X') plt.ylabel('Chance of Admit') plt.show()