Java原生HttpClient的使用详解

Java开发语言中实现HTTP请求的方法主要有两种：一种是JAVA的标准类HttpUrlConnection，比较原生的实现方法；另一种是第三方开源框架HTTPClient。本文就将详细讲讲Java中原生HttpClient的使用，需要的可以参考一下

提到Java发送HTTP请求，大家首先想到的是用apache的HttpClient，或者squareup的OkHttp。而在Java11之前，原生Java对此的支持还是比较差的，虽然可以HttpURLConnection、URLConnection、Socket等自带的类发送请求，但是操作比较复杂。直到Java11发布，Java本身也自带了HttpClient。自2020年初，我就在开发中广泛使用了这一新特性，感觉使用体验也还可以。现总结成博客，供大家参考。

1.信任证书管理类

package cn.wja.component; import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager; import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager; import java.security.cert.X509Certificate; class MyX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager { @Override public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s)  { } @Override public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s)  { } @Override public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { return null; } public static TrustManager[] getTrustManagers() { TrustManager[] trustAllCertificates = {new MyX509TrustManager()}; return trustAllCertificates; } }

2.HttpClient类

package cn.wja.component; import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; import javax.net.ssl.SSLParameters; import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager; import java.net.http.HttpClient; import java.security.KeyManagementException; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.security.SecureRandom; import java.time.Duration; public class MyHttpClient { static public HttpClient getClient() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException { TrustManager[] trustManagers = MyX509TrustManager.getTrustManagers(); var timeoutInSeconds = 60; SSLParameters sslParams = new SSLParameters(); sslParams.setEndpointIdentificationAlgorithm(""); SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL"); //取消主机名验证 System.setProperty("jdk.internal.httpclient.disableHostnameVerification", "true"); sc.init(null, trustManagers, new SecureRandom()); return HttpClient.newBuilder() .connectTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(timeoutInSeconds * 1000)) .sslContext(sc) .sslParameters(sslParams) .followRedirects(HttpClient.Redirect.NEVER) .version(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_2) .build(); } }

3.发送请求工具类

package cn.wja.util; import cn.wja.component.MyHttpClient; import java.net.URI; import java.net.http.HttpClient; import java.net.http.HttpRequest; import java.net.http.HttpResponse; import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8; public class HttpUtils { public static HttpResponse sendGet(String urlStr, String cookieStr) throws Exception { HashMap hashMap = new HashMap<>(); hashMap.put("Cookie",cookieStr); return sendGet(urlStr,hashMap); } public static HttpResponse sendGet(String urlStr, Map headers) throws KeyManagementException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, IOException, InterruptedException { HttpClient client = MyHttpClient.getClient(); HttpRequest.Builder reqBuilder = getReqBuilder(urlStr); reqBuilder.GET(); for (String key:headers.keySet()){ reqBuilder.header(key, headers.get(key)); } HttpRequest request = reqBuilder.build(); HttpResponse result = client.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString(UTF_8)); return result; } private static HttpResponse sendPost(String contentType, String urlStr, String bodyStr, String cookieStr) throws Exception { HttpClient client = MyHttpClient.getClient(); HttpRequest.Builder reqBuilder = getReqBuilder(urlStr); HttpRequest.BodyPublisher bodyPublisher = HttpRequest.BodyPublishers.ofString(bodyStr); reqBuilder.header("Content-Type", contentType) .POST(bodyPublisher) .header("Cookie", cookieStr); HttpRequest request = reqBuilder.build(); HttpResponse result = client.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString(UTF_8)); return result; } public static HttpResponse sendFormPost(String urlStr, String formStr, String cookieStr) throws Exception { return sendPost("application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8", urlStr, formStr, cookieStr); } public static HttpResponse sendJsonPost(String urlStr, String jsonStr, String cookieStr) throws Exception { return sendPost("application/json;charset=utf-8", urlStr, jsonStr, cookieStr); } public static HttpRequest.Builder getReqBuilder(String urlStr) { return HttpRequest.newBuilder() .uri(URI.create(urlStr)) .header("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:96.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/96.0"); } }