SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ处理死信队列和延迟队列

这篇文章将通过示例为大家详细介绍SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ时如何处理死信队列和延迟队列，文中的示例代码讲解详细，需要的可以参考一下

简介

说明

本文用示例介绍SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ时如何处理死信队列/延迟队列。

RabbitMQ消息简介

RabbitMQ的消息默认不会超时。

什么是死信队列？什么是延迟队列？

死信队列：

DLX，全称为Dead-Letter-Exchange,可以称之为死信交换器，也有人称之为死信邮箱。当消息在一个队列中变成死信（dead message)之后，它能被重新被发送到另一个交换器中，这个交换器就是DLX，绑定DLX的队列就称之为死信队列。

以下几种情况会导致消息变成死信：

消息被拒绝（Basic.Reject/Basic.Nack)，并且设置requeue参数为false;
消息过期；
队列达到最大长度。

延迟队列：

延迟队列用来存放延迟消息。延迟消息：指当消息被发送以后，不想让消费者立刻拿到消息，而是等待特定时间后，消费者才能拿到这个消息进行消费。

相关网址

详解RabbitMQ中死信队列和延迟队列的使用详解

实例代码

路由配置

package com.example.config; import org.springframework.amqp.core.*; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class RabbitRouterConfig { public static final String EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME   = "Exchange@topic.welcome"; public static final String EXCHANGE_FANOUT_UNROUTE  = "Exchange@fanout.unroute"; public static final String EXCHANGE_TOPIC_DELAY     = "Exchange@topic.delay"; public static final String ROUTINGKEY_HELLOS        = "hello.#"; public static final String ROUTINGKEY_DELAY         = "delay.#"; public static final String QUEUE_HELLO              = "Queue@hello"; public static final String QUEUE_HI                 = "Queue@hi"; public static final String QUEUE_UNROUTE            = "Queue@unroute"; public static final String QUEUE_DELAY              = "Queue@delay"; public static final Integer TTL_QUEUE_MESSAGE       = 5000; @Autowired AmqpAdmin amqpAdmin; @Bean Object initBindingTest() { amqpAdmin.declareExchange(ExchangeBuilder.fanoutExchange(EXCHANGE_FANOUT_UNROUTE).durable(true).autoDelete().build()); amqpAdmin.declareExchange(ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPIC_DELAY).durable(true).autoDelete().build()); amqpAdmin.declareExchange(ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME) .durable(true) .autoDelete() .withArgument("alternate-exchange", EXCHANGE_FANOUT_UNROUTE) .build()); amqpAdmin.declareQueue(QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_HI).build()); amqpAdmin.declareQueue(QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_HELLO) .withArgument("x-dead-letter-exchange", EXCHANGE_TOPIC_DELAY) .withArgument("x-dead-letter-routing-key", ROUTINGKEY_DELAY) .withArgument("x-message-ttl", TTL_QUEUE_MESSAGE) .build()); amqpAdmin.declareQueue(QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_UNROUTE).build()); amqpAdmin.declareQueue(QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_DELAY).build()); amqpAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding(QUEUE_HELLO, Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE, EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME, ROUTINGKEY_HELLOS, null)); amqpAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding(QUEUE_UNROUTE, Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE, EXCHANGE_FANOUT_UNROUTE, "", null)); amqpAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding(QUEUE_DELAY, Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE, EXCHANGE_TOPIC_DELAY, ROUTINGKEY_DELAY, null)); return new Object(); } }

控制器

package com.example.controller; import com.example.config.RabbitRouterConfig; import com.example.mq.Sender; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.time.LocalDateTime; @RestController public class HelloController { @Autowired private Sender sender; @PostMapping("/hi") public void hi() { sender.send(RabbitRouterConfig.QUEUE_HI, "hi1 message:" + LocalDateTime.now()); } @PostMapping("/hello1") public void hello1() { sender.send("hello.a", "hello1 message:" + LocalDateTime.now()); } @PostMapping("/hello2") public void hello2() { sender.send(RabbitRouterConfig.EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME, "hello.b", "hello2 message:" + LocalDateTime.now()); } @PostMapping("/ae") public void aeTest() { sender.send(RabbitRouterConfig.EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME, "nonono", "ae message:" + LocalDateTime.now()); } }

发送器

package com.example.mq; import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.Date; @Component public class Sender { @Autowired private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate; public void send(String routingKey, String message) { this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(routingKey, message); } public void send(String exchange, String routingKey, String message) { this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routingKey, message); } }

接收器

package com.example.mq; import com.example.config.RabbitRouterConfig; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class Receiver { @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitRouterConfig.QUEUE_HI) public void hi(String payload) { System.out.println ("Receiver(hi) : "  + payload); } // @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitRouterConfig.QUEUE_HELLO) // public void hello(String hello) throws InterruptedException { //     System.out.println ("Receiver(hello) : "  + hello); //     Thread.sleep(5 * 1000); //     System.out.println("(hello):sleep over"); // } // // @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitRouterConfig.QUEUE_UNROUTE) // public void unroute(String hello) throws InterruptedException { //     System.out.println ("Receiver(unroute) : "  + hello); //     Thread.sleep(5 * 1000); //     System.out.println("(unroute):sleep over"); // } @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitRouterConfig.QUEUE_DELAY) public void delay(String hello) throws InterruptedException { System.out.println ("Receiver(delay) : "  + hello); Thread.sleep(5 * 1000); System.out.println("(delay):sleep over"); } }

application.yml

server: #  port: 9100 port: 9101 spring: application: #    name: demo-rabbitmq-sender name: demo-rabbitmq-receiver rabbitmq: host: localhost port: 5672 username: admin password: 123456 #    virtualHost: / publisher-confirms: true publisher-returns: true #    listener: #      simple: #        acknowledge-mode: manual #      direct: #        acknowledge-mode: manual