Springboot集成Spring Security实现JWT认证的步骤详解

这篇文章主要介绍了Springboot集成Spring Security实现JWT认证的步骤详解，帮助大家更好的理解和使用springboot，感兴趣的朋友可以了解下

1 简介

Spring Security作为成熟且强大的安全框架，得到许多大厂的青睐。而作为前后端分离的SSO方案，JWT也在许多项目中应用。本文将介绍如何通过Spring Security实现JWT认证。

用户与服务器交互大概如下：

客户端获取JWT，一般通过POST方法把用户名/密码传给server；
服务端接收到客户端的请求后，会检验用户名/密码是否正确，如果正确则生成JWT并返回；不正确则返回错误；
客户端拿到JWT后，在有效期内都可以通过JWT来访问资源了，一般把JWT放在请求头；一次获取，多次使用；
服务端校验JWT是否合法，合法则允许客户端正常访问，不合法则返回401。

2 项目整合

我们把要整合的Spring Security和JWT加入到项目的依赖中去：

  org.springframework.bootspring-boot-starter-web org.springframework.bootspring-boot-starter-security io.jsonwebtokenjjwt0.9.1

2.1 JWT整合

2.1.1 JWT工具类

JWT工具类起码要具有以下功能：

根据用户信息生成JWT；
校验JWT是否合法，如是否被篡改、是否过期等；
从JWT中解析用户信息，如用户名、权限等；

具体代码如下：

 @Component public class JwtTokenProvider { @Autowired JwtProperties jwtProperties; @Autowired private CustomUserDetailsService userDetailsService; private String secretKey; @PostConstruct protected void init() { secretKey = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(jwtProperties.getSecretKey().getBytes()); } public String createToken(String username, List roles) { Claims claims = Jwts.claims().setSubject(username); claims.put("roles", roles); Date now = new Date(); Date validity = new Date(now.getTime() + jwtProperties.getValidityInMs()); return Jwts.builder()// .setClaims(claims)// .setIssuedAt(now)// .setExpiration(validity)// .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, secretKey)// .compact(); } public Authentication getAuthentication(String token) { UserDetails userDetails = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(getUsername(token)); return new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails, "", userDetails.getAuthorities()); } public String getUsername(String token) { return Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secretKey).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody().getSubject(); } public String resolveToken(HttpServletRequest req) { String bearerToken = req.getHeader("Authorization"); if (bearerToken != null && bearerToken.startsWith("Bearer ")) { return bearerToken.substring(7); } return null; } public boolean validateToken(String token) { try { Jws claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secretKey).parseClaimsJws(token); if (claims.getBody().getExpiration().before(new Date())) { return false; } return true; } catch (JwtException | IllegalArgumentException e) { throw new InvalidJwtAuthenticationException("Expired or invalid JWT token"); } } }

工具类还实现了另一个功能：从HTTP请求头中获取JWT。

2.1.2 Token处理的Filter

Filter是Security处理的关键，基本上都是通过Filter来拦截请求的。首先从请求头取出JWT，然后校验JWT是否合法，如果合法则取出Authentication保存在SecurityContextHolder里。如果不合法，则做异常处理。

 public class JwtTokenAuthenticationFilter extends GenericFilterBean { private JwtTokenProvider jwtTokenProvider; public JwtTokenAuthenticationFilter(JwtTokenProvider jwtTokenProvider) { this.jwtTokenProvider = jwtTokenProvider; } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req; HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res; try { String token = jwtTokenProvider.resolveToken(request); if (token != null && jwtTokenProvider.validateToken(token)) { Authentication auth = jwtTokenProvider.getAuthentication(token); if (auth != null) { SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(auth); } } } catch (InvalidJwtAuthenticationException e) { response.setStatus(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value()); response.getWriter().write("Invalid token"); response.getWriter().flush(); return; } filterChain.doFilter(req, res); } }

对于异常处理，使用@ControllerAdvice是不行的，应该这个是Filter，在这里抛的异常还没有到DispatcherServlet，无法处理。所以Filter要自己做异常处理：

 catch (InvalidJwtAuthenticationException e) { response.setStatus(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value()); response.getWriter().write("Invalid token"); response.getWriter().flush(); return; }

最后的return不能省略，因为已经要把输出的内容给Response了，没有必要再往后传递，否则报错

 java.lang.IllegalStateException: getWriter() has already been called

2.1.3 JWT属性

JWT需要配置一个密钥来加密，同时还要配置JWT令牌的有效期。

 @Configuration @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "pkslow.jwt") public class JwtProperties { private String secretKey = "pkslow.key"; private long validityInMs = 3600_000; //getter and setter }

2.2 Spring Security整合

Spring Security的整个框架还是比较复杂的，简化后大概如下图所示：

它是通过一连串的Filter来进行安全管理。细节这里先不展开讲。

2.2.1 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter配置

这个配置也可以理解为是FilterChain的配置，可以不用理解，代码很好懂它做了什么：

 @Configuration public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired JwtTokenProvider jwtTokenProvider; @Bean @Override public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception { return super.authenticationManagerBean(); } @Bean public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() { return NoOpPasswordEncoder.getInstance(); } @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http .httpBasic().disable() .csrf().disable() .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS) .and() .authorizeRequests() .antMatchers("/auth/login").permitAll() .antMatchers(HttpMethod.GET, "/admin").hasRole("ADMIN") .antMatchers(HttpMethod.GET, "/user").hasRole("USER") .anyRequest().authenticated() .and() .apply(new JwtSecurityConfigurer(jwtTokenProvider)); } }

这里通过HttpSecurity配置了哪些请求需要什么权限才可以访问。

/auth/login用于登陆获取JWT，所以都能访问；
/admin只有ADMIN用户才可以访问；
/user只有USER用户才可以访问。

而之前实现的Filter则在下面配置使用：

 public class JwtSecurityConfigurer extends SecurityConfigurerAdapter { private JwtTokenProvider jwtTokenProvider; public JwtSecurityConfigurer(JwtTokenProvider jwtTokenProvider) { this.jwtTokenProvider = jwtTokenProvider; } @Override public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { JwtTokenAuthenticationFilter customFilter = new JwtTokenAuthenticationFilter(jwtTokenProvider); http.exceptionHandling() .authenticationEntryPoint(new JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint()) .and() .addFilterBefore(customFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class); } }

2.2.2 用户从哪来

通常在Spring Security的世界里，都是通过实现UserDetailsService来获取UserDetails的。

 @Component public class CustomUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService { private UserRepository users; public CustomUserDetailsService(UserRepository users) { this.users = users; } @Override public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException { return this.users.findByUsername(username) .orElseThrow(() -> new UsernameNotFoundException("Username: " + username + " not found")); } }

对于UserRepository，可以从数据库中读取，或者其它用户管理中心。为了方便，我使用Map放了两个用户：

 @Repository public class UserRepository { private static final Map allUsers = new HashMap<>(); @Autowired private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder; @PostConstruct protected void init() { allUsers.put("pkslow", new User("pkslow", passwordEncoder.encode("123456"), Collections.singletonList("ROLE_ADMIN"))); allUsers.put("user", new User("user", passwordEncoder.encode("123456"), Collections.singletonList("ROLE_USER"))); } public Optional findByUsername(String username) { return Optional.ofNullable(allUsers.get(username)); } }

3 测试

完成代码编写后，我们来测试一下：

（1）无JWT访问，失败

 curl http://localhost:8080/admin {"timestamp":"2021-02-06T05:45:06.385+0000","status":403,"error":"Forbidden","message":"Access Denied","path":"/admin"} $ curl http://localhost:8080/user {"timestamp":"2021-02-06T05:45:16.438+0000","status":403,"error":"Forbidden","message":"Access Denied","path":"/user"}

（2）admin获取JWT，密码错误则失败，密码正确则成功

 $ curl http://localhost:8080/auth/login -X POST -d '{"username":"pkslow","password":"xxxxxx"}' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' {"timestamp":"2021-02-06T05:47:16.254+0000","status":403,"error":"Forbidden","message":"Access Denied","path":"/auth/login"} $ curl http://localhost:8080/auth/login -X POST -d '{"username":"pkslow","password":"123456"}' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJwa3Nsb3ciLCJyb2xlcyI6WyJST0xFX0FETUlOIl0sImlhdCI6MTYxMjU5MDYxNCwiZXhwIjoxNjEyNTkxMjE0fQ.d4Gi50aaOsHHqpM0d8Mh1960otnZf7rlE3x6xSfakVo

（3）admin带JWT访问/admin，成功；访问/user失败

 $ curl http://localhost:8080/admin -H 'Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJwa3Nsb3ciLCJyb2xlcyI6WyJST0xFX0FETUlOIl0sImlhdCI6MTYxMjU5MDYxNCwiZXhwIjoxNjEyNTkxMjE0fQ.d4Gi50aaOsHHqpM0d8Mh1960otnZf7rlE3x6xSfakVo' you are admin $ curl http://localhost:8080/user -H 'Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJwa3Nsb3ciLCJyb2xlcyI6WyJST0xFX0FETUlOIl0sImlhdCI6MTYxMjU5MDYxNCwiZXhwIjoxNjEyNTkxMjE0fQ.d4Gi50aaOsHHqpM0d8Mh1960otnZf7rlE3x6xSfakVo' {"timestamp":"2021-02-06T05:51:23.099+0000","status":403,"error":"Forbidden","message":"Forbidden","path":"/user"}

（4）使用过期的JWT访问，失败

 $ curl http://localhost:8080/admin -H 'Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJwa3Nsb3ciLCJyb2xlcyI6WyJST0xFX0FETUlOIl0sImlhdCI6MTYxMjU5MDQ0OSwiZXhwIjoxNjEyNTkwNTA5fQ.CSaubE4iJcYATbLmbb59aNFU1jNCwDFHUV3zIakPU64' Invalid token