教你用Java实现RSA非对称加密算法

 package com.ljt.rsa.util; import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64; import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils; import javax.crypto.Cipher; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.security.*; import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey; import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey; import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException; import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec; import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * @ClassName: RSAUtil * @Description:  RSA非对称加密算法工具类 * @Author: 寒山月初°C * @Date 2021/5/16 17:47 * @Version 1.0 */ public class RSAUtil { public static final String CHARSET = "UTF-8"; public static final String RSA_ALGORITHM = "RSA"; public static Map createKeys(int keySize){ //为RSA算法创建一个KeyPairGenerator对象（KeyPairGenerator，密钥对生成器，用于生成公钥和私钥对） KeyPairGenerator kpg; try{ kpg = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM); }catch(NoSuchAlgorithmException e){ throw new IllegalArgumentException("No such algorithm-->[" + RSA_ALGORITHM + "]"); } //初始化KeyPairGenerator对象,密钥长度 kpg.initialize(keySize); //生成密匙对 KeyPair keyPair = kpg.generateKeyPair(); //得到公钥 Key publicKey = keyPair.getPublic(); String publicKeyStr = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(publicKey.getEncoded()); //返回一个publicKey经过二次加密后的字符串 //得到私钥 Key privateKey = keyPair.getPrivate(); String privateKeyStr = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(privateKey.getEncoded()); 返回一个privateKey经过二次加密后的字符串 Map keyPairMap = new HashMap(); keyPairMap.put("publicKey", publicKeyStr); keyPairMap.put("privateKey", privateKeyStr); return keyPairMap; } /** * 得到公钥 * @param publicKey 密钥字符串（经过base64编码） * @throws Exception */ public static RSAPublicKey getPublicKey(String publicKey) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException { //通过X509编码的Key指令获得公钥对象 KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM); X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(publicKey)); RSAPublicKey key = (RSAPublicKey) keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec); return key; } /** * 得到私钥 * @param privateKey 密钥字符串（经过base64编码） * @throws Exception */ public static RSAPrivateKey getPrivateKey(String privateKey) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException { //通过PKCS#8编码的Key指令获得私钥对象 KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM); PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(privateKey)); RSAPrivateKey key = (RSAPrivateKey) keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec); return key; } /** * 公钥加密 * @param data * @param publicKey * @return */ public static String publicEncrypt(String data, RSAPublicKey publicKey){ try{ Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey); return Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(rsaSplitCodec(cipher, Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, data.getBytes(CHARSET), publicKey.getModulus().bitLength())); }catch(Exception e){ throw new RuntimeException("加密字符串[" + data + "]时遇到异常", e); } } /** * 私钥解密 * @param data * @param privateKey * @return */ public static String privateDecrypt(String data, RSAPrivateKey privateKey){ try{ Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey); return new String(rsaSplitCodec(cipher, Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, Base64.decodeBase64(data), privateKey.getModulus().bitLength()), CHARSET); }catch(Exception e){ throw new RuntimeException("解密字符串[" + data + "]时遇到异常", e); } } /** * 私钥加密 * @param data * @param privateKey * @return */ public static String privateEncrypt(String data, RSAPrivateKey privateKey){ try{ Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey); return Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(rsaSplitCodec(cipher, Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, data.getBytes(CHARSET), privateKey.getModulus().bitLength())); }catch(Exception e){ throw new RuntimeException("加密字符串[" + data + "]时遇到异常", e); } } /** * 公钥解密 * @param data * @param publicKey * @return */ public static String publicDecrypt(String data, RSAPublicKey publicKey){ try{ Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey); return new String(rsaSplitCodec(cipher, Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, Base64.decodeBase64(data), publicKey.getModulus().bitLength()), CHARSET); }catch(Exception e){ throw new RuntimeException("解密字符串[" + data + "]时遇到异常", e); } } private static byte[] rsaSplitCodec(Cipher cipher, int opmode, byte[] datas, int keySize){ int maxBlock = 0; if(opmode == Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE){ maxBlock = keySize / 8; }else{ maxBlock = keySize / 8 - 11; } ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); int offSet = 0; byte[] buff; int i = 0; try{ while(datas.length > offSet){ if(datas.length-offSet > maxBlock){ buff = cipher.doFinal(datas, offSet, maxBlock); }else{ buff = cipher.doFinal(datas, offSet, datas.length-offSet); } out.write(buff, 0, buff.length); i++; offSet = i * maxBlock; } }catch(Exception e){ throw new RuntimeException("加解密阀值为["+maxBlock+"]的数据时发生异常", e); } byte[] resultDatas = out.toByteArray(); IOUtils.closeQuietly(out); return resultDatas; } } 

 class Test{ public static void main (String[] args) throws Exception { Map keyMap = RSAUtil.createKeys(1024); String  publicKey = keyMap.get("publicKey"); String  privateKey = keyMap.get("privateKey"); System.out.println("公钥: \n\r" + publicKey); System.out.println("私钥： \n\r" + privateKey); System.out.println("公钥加密――私钥解密"); String str = "寒山月初℃"; System.out.println("\r明文：\r\n" + str); System.out.println("\r明文大小：\r\n" + str.getBytes().length); String encodedData = RSAUtil.publicEncrypt(str, RSAUtil.getPublicKey(publicKey)); System.out.println("密文：\r\n" + encodedData); String decodedData = RSAUtil.privateDecrypt(encodedData, RSAUtil.getPrivateKey(privateKey)); System.out.println("解密后文字: \r\n" + decodedData); } }