Java NIO写大文件对比(win7和mac)

这篇文章主要介绍了Java NIO写大文件对比(win7和mac),文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细,对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友可以参考下

测试说明

写2G文件,分批次写入,每批次写入128MB;

分别在Win7系统(3G内存,双核,32位,T系列处理器)和MacOS系统(8G内存,四核,64位,i7系列处理器)下运行测试。理论上跟硬盘类型和配置也有关系,这里不再贴出了。

测试代码

 package rwbigfile; import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.RandomAccessFile; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.MappedByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.Channels; import java.nio.channels.FileChannel; import java.nio.channels.FileChannel.MapMode; import java.nio.channels.ReadableByteChannel; import java.security.AccessController; import java.security.PrivilegedAction; import util.StopWatch; /** * NIO写大文件比较 * @author Will * */ public class WriteBigFileComparison { // data chunk be written per time private static final int DATA_CHUNK = 128 * 1024 * 1024; // total data size is 2G private static final long LEN = 2L * 1024 * 1024 * 1024L; public static void writeWithFileChannel() throws IOException { File file = new File("e:/test/fc.dat"); if (file.exists()) { file.delete(); } RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rw"); FileChannel fileChannel = raf.getChannel(); byte[] data = null; long len = LEN; ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(DATA_CHUNK); int dataChunk = DATA_CHUNK / (1024 * 1024); while (len >= DATA_CHUNK) { System.out.println("write a data chunk: " + dataChunk + "MB"); buf.clear(); // clear for re-write data = new byte[DATA_CHUNK]; for (int i = 0; i  0) { System.out.println("write rest data chunk: " + len + "B"); buf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect((int) len); data = new byte[(int) len]; for (int i = 0; i = DATA_CHUNK) { System.out.println("write a data chunk: " + dataChunk + "MB"); mbb = fileChannel.map(MapMode.READ_WRITE, pos, DATA_CHUNK); data = new byte[DATA_CHUNK]; mbb.put(data); data = null; len -= DATA_CHUNK; pos += DATA_CHUNK; } if (len > 0) { System.out.println("write rest data chunk: " + len + "B"); mbb = fileChannel.map(MapMode.READ_WRITE, pos, len); data = new byte[(int) len]; mbb.put(data); } data = null; unmap(mbb);  // release MappedByteBuffer fileChannel.close(); } public static void writeWithTransferTo() throws IOException { File file = new File("e:/test/transfer.dat"); if (file.exists()) { file.delete(); } RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rw"); FileChannel toFileChannel = raf.getChannel(); long len = LEN; byte[] data = null; ByteArrayInputStream bais = null; ReadableByteChannel fromByteChannel = null; long position = 0; int dataChunk = DATA_CHUNK / (1024 * 1024); while (len >= DATA_CHUNK) { System.out.println("write a data chunk: " + dataChunk + "MB"); data = new byte[DATA_CHUNK]; bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(data); fromByteChannel = Channels.newChannel(bais); long count = DATA_CHUNK; toFileChannel.transferFrom(fromByteChannel, position, count); data = null; position += DATA_CHUNK; len -= DATA_CHUNK; } if (len > 0) { System.out.println("write rest data chunk: " + len + "B"); data = new byte[(int) len]; bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(data); fromByteChannel = Channels.newChannel(bais); long count = len; toFileChannel.transferFrom(fromByteChannel, position, count); } data = null; toFileChannel.close(); fromByteChannel.close(); } /** * 在MappedByteBuffer释放后再对它进行读操作的话就会引发jvm crash,在并发情况下很容易发生 * 正在释放时另一个线程正开始读取,于是crash就发生了。所以为了系统稳定性释放前一般需要检 * 查是否还有线程在读或写 * @param mappedByteBuffer */ public static void unmap(final MappedByteBuffer mappedByteBuffer) { try { if (mappedByteBuffer == null) { return; } mappedByteBuffer.force(); AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() { @Override @SuppressWarnings("restriction") public Object run() { try { Method getCleanerMethod = mappedByteBuffer.getClass() .getMethod("cleaner", new Class[0]); getCleanerMethod.setAccessible(true); sun.misc.Cleaner cleaner = (sun.misc.Cleaner) getCleanerMethod .invoke(mappedByteBuffer, new Object[0]); cleaner.clean(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("clean MappedByteBuffer completed"); return null; } }); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { StopWatch sw = new StopWatch(); sw.startWithTaskName("write with file channel's write(ByteBuffer)"); writeWithFileChannel(); sw.stopAndPrint(); sw.startWithTaskName("write with file channel's transferTo"); writeWithTransferTo(); sw.stopAndPrint(); sw.startWithTaskName("write with MappedByteBuffer"); writeWithMappedByteBuffer(); sw.stopAndPrint(); } }

测试结果(Y轴是耗时秒数)

  • 显然writeWithMappedByteBuffer方式性能最好,且在硬件配置较高情况下优势越加明显
  • 在硬件配置较低情况下,writeWithTransferTo比writeWithFileChannel性能稍好
  • 在硬件配置较高情况下,writeWithTransferTo和writeWithFileChannel的性能基本持平
  • 此外,注意writeWithMappedByteBuffer方式除了占用JVM堆内存外,还要占用额外的native内存(Direct Byte Buffer内存)

内存映射文件使用经验

MappedByteBuffer需要占用“双倍”的内存(对象JVM堆内存和Direct Byte Buffer内存),可以通过-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize参数设置后者最大大小

不要频繁调用MappedByteBuffer的force()方法,因为这个方法会强制OS刷新内存中的数据到磁盘,从而只能获得些微的性能提升(相比IO方式),可以用后面的代码实例进行定时、定量刷新

如果突然断电或者服务器突然Down,内存映射文件数据可能还没有写入磁盘,这时就会丢失一些数据。为了降低这种风险,避免用MappedByteBuffer写超大文件,可以把大文件分割成几个小文件,但不能太小(否则将失去性能优势)

ByteBuffer的rewind()方法将position属性设回为0,因此可以重新读取buffer中的数据;limit属性保持不变,因此可读取的字节数不变

ByteBuffer的flip()方法将一个Buffer由写模式切换到读模式

ByteBuffer的clear()和compact()可以在我们读完ByteBuffer中的数据后重新切回写模式。不同的是clear()会将position设置为0,limit设为capacity,换句话说Buffer被清空了,但Buffer内的数据并没有被清空。如果Buffer中还有未被读取的数据,那调用clear()之后,这些数据会被“遗忘”,再写入就会覆盖这些未读数据。而调用compcat()之后,这些未被读取的数据仍然可以保留,因为它将所有还未被读取的数据拷贝到Buffer的左端,然后设置position为紧随未读数据之后,limit被设置为capacity,未读数据不会被覆盖

定时、定量刷新内存映射文件到磁盘

 import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.RandomAccessFile; import java.nio.MappedByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.FileChannel; public class MappedFile { // 文件名 private String fileName; // 文件所在目录路径 private String fileDirPath; // 文件对象 private File file; private MappedByteBuffer mappedByteBuffer; private FileChannel fileChannel; private boolean boundSuccess = false; // 文件最大只能为50MB private final static long MAX_FILE_SIZE = 1024 * 1024 * 50; // 最大的脏数据量512KB,系统必须触发一次强制刷 private long MAX_FLUSH_DATA_SIZE = 1024 * 512; // 最大的刷间隔,系统必须触发一次强制刷 private long MAX_FLUSH_TIME_GAP = 1000; // 文件写入位置 private long writePosition = 0; // 最后一次刷数据的时候 private long lastFlushTime; // 上一次刷的文件位置 private long lastFlushFilePosition = 0; public MappedFile(String fileName, String fileDirPath) { super(); this.fileName = fileName; this.fileDirPath = fileDirPath; this.file = new File(fileDirPath + "/" + fileName); if (!file.exists()) { try { file.createNewFile(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /** * * 内存映照文件绑定 * @return */ public synchronized boolean boundChannelToByteBuffer() { try { RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rw"); this.fileChannel = raf.getChannel(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); this.boundSuccess = false; return false; } try { this.mappedByteBuffer = this.fileChannel .map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, MAX_FILE_SIZE); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); this.boundSuccess = false; return false; } this.boundSuccess = true; return true; } /** * 写数据:先将之前的文件删除然后重新 * @param data * @return */ public synchronized boolean writeData(byte[] data) { return false; } /** * 在文件末尾追加数据 * @param data * @return * @throws Exception */ public synchronized boolean appendData(byte[] data) throws Exception { if (!boundSuccess) { boundChannelToByteBuffer(); } writePosition = writePosition + data.length; if (writePosition >= MAX_FILE_SIZE) {  // 如果写入data会超出文件大小限制,不写入 flush(); writePosition = writePosition - data.length; System.out.println("File=" + file.toURI().toString() + " is written full."); System.out.println("already write data length:" + writePosition + ", max file size=" + MAX_FILE_SIZE); return false; } this.mappedByteBuffer.put(data); // 检查是否需要把内存缓冲刷到磁盘 if ( (writePosition - lastFlushFilePosition > this.MAX_FLUSH_DATA_SIZE) || (System.currentTimeMillis() - lastFlushTime > this.MAX_FLUSH_TIME_GAP && writePosition > lastFlushFilePosition) ) { flush();  // 刷到磁盘 } return true; } public synchronized void flush() { this.mappedByteBuffer.force(); this.lastFlushTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); this.lastFlushFilePosition = writePosition; } public long getLastFlushTime() { return lastFlushTime; } public String getFileName() { return fileName; } public String getFileDirPath() { return fileDirPath; } public boolean isBundSuccess() { return boundSuccess; } public File getFile() { return file; } public static long getMaxFileSize() { return MAX_FILE_SIZE; } public long getWritePosition() { return writePosition; } public long getLastFlushFilePosition() { return lastFlushFilePosition; } public long getMAX_FLUSH_DATA_SIZE() { return MAX_FLUSH_DATA_SIZE; } public long getMAX_FLUSH_TIME_GAP() { return MAX_FLUSH_TIME_GAP; } }

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