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拒绝策略介绍
线程池的拒绝策略，是指当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝，而采取的处理措施。
当任务添加到线程池中之所以被拒绝，可能是由于：第一，线程池异常关闭。第二，任务数量超过线程池的最大限制。
线程池共包括4种拒绝策略，它们分别是：AbortPolicy, CallerRunsPolicy, DiscardOldestPolicy和DiscardPolicy。
- AbortPolicy -- 当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝时，它将抛出 RejectedExecutionException 异常。
- CallerRunsPolicy -- 当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝时，会在线程池当前正在运行的Thread线程池中处理被拒绝的任务。
- DiscardOldestPolicy -- 当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝时，线程池会放弃等待队列中最旧的未处理任务，然后将被拒绝的任务添加到等待队列中。
- DiscardPolicy -- 当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝时，线程池将丢弃被拒绝的任务。
线程池默认的处理策略是AbortPolicy！
拒绝策略对比和示例
下面通过示例，分别演示线程池的4种拒绝策略。
1. DiscardPolicy 示例
import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy; public class DiscardPolicyDemo { private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1; private static final int CAPACITY = 1; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE)，"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。 ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue(CAPACITY)); // 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"丢弃" pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy()); // 新建10个任务，并将它们添加到线程池中。 for (int i = 0; i <10; i++) { Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i); pool.execute(myrun); } // 关闭线程池 pool.shutdown(); } } class MyRunnable implements Runnable { private String name; public MyRunnable(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public void run() { try { System.out.println(this.name + " is running."); Thread.sleep(100); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } 运行结果：
task-0 is running. task-1 is running.
结果说明：线程池pool的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE)，这意味着"线程池能同时运行的任务数量最大只能是1"。
线程池pool的阻塞队列是ArrayBlockingQueue，ArrayBlockingQueue是一个有界的阻塞队列，ArrayBlockingQueue的容量为1。这也意味着线程池的阻塞队列只能有一个线程池阻塞等待。
根据""中分析的execute()代码可知：线程池中共运行了2个任务。第1个任务直接放到Worker中，通过线程去执行；第2个任务放到阻塞队列中等待。其他的任务都被丢弃了！
2. DiscardOldestPolicy 示例
import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy; public class DiscardOldestPolicyDemo { private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1; private static final int CAPACITY = 1; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE)，"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。 ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue(CAPACITY)); // 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"DiscardOldestPolicy" pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy()); // 新建10个任务，并将它们添加到线程池中。 for (int i = 0; i <10; i++) { Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i); pool.execute(myrun); } // 关闭线程池 pool.shutdown(); } } class MyRunnable implements Runnable { private String name; public MyRunnable(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public void run() { try { System.out.println(this.name + " is running."); Thread.sleep(200); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } 运行结果：
task-0 is running. task-9 is running.
结果说明：将"线程池的拒绝策略"由DiscardPolicy修改为DiscardOldestPolicy之后，当有任务添加到线程池被拒绝时，线程池会丢弃阻塞队列中末尾的任务，然后将被拒绝的任务添加到末尾。
3. AbortPolicy 示例
import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy; import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException; public class AbortPolicyDemo { private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1; private static final int CAPACITY = 1; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE)，"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。 ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue(CAPACITY)); // 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"抛出异常" pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy()); try { // 新建10个任务，并将它们添加到线程池中。 for (int i = 0; i <10; i++) { Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i); pool.execute(myrun); } } catch (RejectedExecutionException e) { e.printStackTrace(); // 关闭线程池 pool.shutdown(); } } } class MyRunnable implements Runnable { private String name; public MyRunnable(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public void run() { try { System.out.println(this.name + " is running."); Thread.sleep(200); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } (某一次)运行结果：
java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$AbortPolicy.rejectedExecution(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1774) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.reject(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:768) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:656) at AbortPolicyDemo.main(AbortPolicyDemo.java:27) task-0 is running. task-1 is running.
结果说明：将"线程池的拒绝策略"由DiscardPolicy修改为AbortPolicy之后，当有任务添加到线程池被拒绝时，会抛出RejectedExecutionException。
4. CallerRunsPolicy 示例
import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy; public class CallerRunsPolicyDemo { private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1; private static final int CAPACITY = 1; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE)，"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。 ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue(CAPACITY)); // 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"CallerRunsPolicy" pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()); // 新建10个任务，并将它们添加到线程池中。 for (int i = 0; i <10; i++) { Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i); pool.execute(myrun); } // 关闭线程池 pool.shutdown(); } } class MyRunnable implements Runnable { private String name; public MyRunnable(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public void run() { try { System.out.println(this.name + " is running."); Thread.sleep(100); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } (某一次)运行结果：
task-2 is running. task-3 is running. task-4 is running. task-5 is running. task-6 is running. task-7 is running. task-8 is running. task-9 is running. task-0 is running. task-1 is running.
结果说明：将"线程池的拒绝策略"由DiscardPolicy修改为CallerRunsPolicy之后，当有任务添加到线程池被拒绝时，线程池会将被拒绝的任务添加到"线程池正在运行的线程"中取运行
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